Involvement of Carrot Cell Surface Proteins in Attachment of Agrobacterium tumefaciens

The initial step in tumor formation by Agrobacterium tumefaciens is the site-specific attachment of the bacteria to plant cells. A similar attachment to plant tissue culture cells has been observed. Binding to carrot suspension culture cells was not dependent on the presence of divalent cations and was not inhibited by the addition of mannose, α-methyl mannoside, galactose, arabinose, glucosamine, 2-deoxyglucose, or 0.25 molar NaCl to the culture medium. The ability of the carrot cells to bind A. tumefaciens was markedly reduced by elution of the cells with dilute detergent or CaCl₂ or by incubation of the cells with proteolytic enzymes. The carrot cells were not killed by these treatments and recovered the ability to bind A. tumefaciens within 3 to 6 hours. A. tumefaciens did not bind to carrot cells which had been induced to form embryos (AG Matthysse, RHG Gurlitz 1982 Physiol Plant Pathol 21: 381-387). A comparison of the peptides eluted from embryos and from uninduced cells using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that there were several changes in extractable polypeptides after embryo induction. One or more of the polypeptides present before embryo induction and absent from embryos may be involved in the binding of A. tumefaciens to the carrot cell surface.     

青蛙精母细胞的减数分裂制片及观察

动物细胞减数分裂的实验通常用蝗虫精巢作材料,制成切片或者压片。该材料虽有不少优点,但现在许多地区蝗虫的来源已较困难。因此,我们参照有关资料,用青蛙精巢制作细胞悬液滴片观察精原细胞的减数分     

锡嘴雀中脑背外侧核的听觉传入系统

鸟类的中脑背外侧核(Nucleus mesencephalicus lateralis,pars dorsalis;MLd)相当于哺乳类的下丘,与听觉传入有关。 本实验选用成年锡嘴雀(Cocoothraustes cocoothraustes)21只(10 11)。经轻度麻醉后,于中脑背外侧核(Po.3,LR 2.7—3.2,H8.0—8.5)注入30％HRP(Sigma Ⅵ)溶液0.1—0.4μl。动物存活36—48小时,颈动脉灌流固定后取脑,连续冰冻切片,片厚40     

食管癌患者口腔脱落上皮细胞微核的观察

微核测试法已被广泛用于研究药物、辐射、 环境毒物等对机体的遗传损伤。以往多以外周 血淋巴细胞和骨髓为材料进行研究,由于操作 狡复杂,且取材过程中给受试对象带来痛苦,因 此进行人群普查常常有很多困难。同时,许多 致癌物的诱变性资料多是从细菌、淋巴细胞和 一些非＿L皮细胞系中获得,而致癌物对上皮细 胞的诱变性资料相对较少。近几年来,Stich 等。一‘1对接触致癌物的个体进行了一系列脱落 细胞（包括口腔、膀眺等）微核检测,发现这些个 体的微核出现率明显高于对照组,已有资料报 道食管癌患者外周血淋巴细胞微核出现率明显 高于正常人(1,21,但上皮细胞的微核出现率是否 也高于TL常人,尚未见报道。经过对Stich的 方法稍加改进,我们对食管癌患者的口腔脱落 细胞进行了微核检测     

Cultivation of hybridoma cells in continuous cultures: kinetics of growth and product formation

Mouse hybridoma cells were grown in suspension in continuous stirred bioreactors. Cell growth, substrate utilization, and monoclonal antibody (MAb) production were studied using serum-free medium. Steady-state data were obtained at different dilution rates, between 0.012 and 0.039 h(-1) Viability was profoundly affected by dilution rate, particularly near the lower end of the dilution-rate range investigated. MAb concentration and productivity went through a maximum with respect to dilution rate. Lactate yield on glucose declined with in creasing dilution rate. Experiments were carried out to study the effects of medium glucose concentration on cell growth, product formation, and lactate yield on glucose. Reduction of glucose concentration in the feed medium did not considerably affect cell density and MAb concentration in the culture, but lactate levels dropped sharply; lactate yield on glucose declined substantially, indicating alterations in cell metabolic path ways for energy metabolism. Optimization strategy for continuous cell culture is discussed.     

Problems of kin recognition

Behavioural ecologists have long assumed that animals discriminate between their kin and non-kin, but paid little attention to how animals recognize their relatives. Although the first papers on kin recognition mechanisms appeared barely 10 years ago, studies now appear frequently in journals of animal behaviour. Initial findings reveal that kin recognition abilities are surprisingly well-distributed throughout the animal kingdom. Yet an understanding of the evolutionary and ecological significance of these abilities demands further analyses of the components of kin recognition mechanisms and the social contexts in which they are expressed. Many controversies and unresolved issues remain, and experimental approaches to these problems promise to continue making kin recognition an important, rapidly moving discipline within behavioural ecology.