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Athula Sumathipala Sisira H Siribaddana Nihal M R Abeysingha Nimali De Silva Devaka J S Fernando D A R K Dayaratne Deepthi De Silva Narada D Warnasuriya Mathew Hotopf 《Twin research》2003,6(1):67-71
The National Twin Registry of Sri Lanka was established in 1997 as a volunteer register. To extend it to a population-based register, we examined the effectiveness of tracing older twins by inspecting birth records and recruiting them by postal invitation and in-person contact. Birth records at a divisional secretariat reported from 2 maternity hospitals between the years of 1954-1970 were scrutinised to identify a random sample of twins. These hospitals had the highest twin delivery rates for the whole country. We identified 620 twins and a questionnaire was mailed to them. Research assistants visited a cohort of non-respondents (71) in the postal survey. These 620 twins were identified after perusing 20700 birth records. The twinning rate was estimated at 29.95 ([620/20700] x 1000) twins per 1000 registered births (CI 27.63-32.27). In the postal survey, 37 (12%) responded and 62 letters were returned (20%). Both twins were still alive in 20 pairs, one was still alive in 15 pairs, and both twins were dead in 2 pairs. During field visits, 42 (59.2%) addresses were located. Information was available on 16 twin pairs. Both twins were alive in 8 pairs, one each in 4 pairs, and both were dead in 4 pairs and at least one twin was traced in 10 pairs (14%). Both the postal and the field survey gave a low yield. This finding is different from tracing younger twins born between 1985-1997 by using the same methods. Migration, urbanization and development in the country might have affected tracing older twins from the birth record addresses, which were decades old. 相似文献
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Sri Lankan Twin Registry. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Athula Sumathipala Sisira Siribaddana Nimali De Silva Devaka Fernando Nihal Abeysingha Rohana Dayaratne Deepthi De Silva Narada Warnasuriya Mathew Hotopf 《Twin research》2002,5(5):424-426
Sri Lanka is an island with genetic diversity between the five main population groups. Our twin registry is the first in the developing world. Initially, we established a volunteer cohort of 4600 twin pairs through a competition advertised in the media. In addition, we have volunteer cohorts, birth registration-based cohorts through hospitals, and community-based cohorts. There is also a nationwide population-based younger twin cohort (1992-1997) traced through the Department of Birth and Death Registration. Additionally, we have adapted a Zygosity determination questionnaire and validated it. Establishing ethical guidelines for twin research was a priority because the field of bio-ethics is at an early stage of development in Sri Lanka. These guidelines were from a developing world perspective. A sister organization, the Multiple Birth Foundation, was formed to cater to twins and their special needs and to represent their interests, and several branches have been formed. We intend to build capacity by establishing a genetic lab and through crosscultural collaboration. Our vision is to establish a multidisciplinary research foundation. Based on our research findings, we plan to build services to cater to needs of twins by working with professionals, statutory services and government policy makers. 相似文献
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Sophia Khanna Gayathri D. Warnasuriya Julian Downward Soren Naaby-Hansen 《International journal of peptide research and therapeutics》2003,10(5-6):437-445
The use of RNA interference (RNAi) has provided the study of cell signalling with a specific and relatively easily applicable
method of silencing individual components of signalling pathways. RNAi mediated gene muting was combined with two-dimensional
electrophoresis (2DE) and immuno-blotting analysis (IB) to study phospho-signalling downstream of the protein kinase, Akt.
NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts were transiently transfected with short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to Akt with resulting suppression
of Akt expression. Down-regulation of Akt reduced the cellular content of phosphorylated FKHR, enhanced GSK3β phosphorylation, and increased the sensitivity of the cells to apoptotic agents. Stable transfection of short hairpin RNAs
inserted into a stable expression vector, pRETRO-SUPER (pRS), also proved to be a successful method of downregulating Akt1,
and resulted in an altered phosphorylation pattern and a reduced rate of cell proliferation. Akt-regulated phosphorylation
was identified by comparison of extracts from Akt RNAi transfected cells with extracts from cells transfected with pRS vector
alone. While Akt muting suppressed some phospho-modifications, others were enhanced. The␣PDGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation
cascades were, surprisingly, found to be influenced by RNAi-mediated Akt muting. Tyrosine phosphorylation of some proteins
were reduced in cells with down-regulated Akt1 activity, suggesting the existence of either a downstream tyrosine kinase positively
regulated by Akt1, or a negatively regulated tyrosine phosphatase, positioned centrally in the cross-talk between the Akt1
regulated signalling pathways and the growth factor induced phospho-tyrosine pathways. Our results illustrate the analytical
potential of combining RNAi-mediated regulator muting with 2DE-based analysis of phospho-signalling, and suggest that such
a combination could become a highly efficient tool for the identification and characterisation of new kinase substrates. 相似文献
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