Effects of omeprazole consumption on serum levels of trace elements

ProjectOmeprazole is one of the most frequently prescribed drugs in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It increases the gastric pH and this in turn may change the intestinal absorption of trace elements. This study was conducted to assess the effects of omeprazole consumption on the serum level of trace elements.ProceduresThe studied subjects were selected from the list of patients referred to the gastroenterology department of 5 Azar hospital in Golestan province of Iran for whom omeprazole was prescribed by a gastroenterologist. Blood samples were obtained before (phase I) and after an eight-week period (phase II) of omeprazole consumption. Serum levels of trace elements were assessed by the photometric method.ResultsSixty seven patients were recruited of whom, 35.82% were males. There was no significant difference in serum levels of Fe, P, Ca and Cu between phases I and II. Serum concentration of Zn was significantly lower in phase II than I (P = 0.02). The proportion of male patients with low Zn levels was significantly higher in phase II (50%) than I (16.7%) (P = 0.01). We found no significant difference in the proportion of female patients with low Zn levels between phase I (37.2%) and phase II (27.9%).ConclusionsWe found no significant reduction in serum levels of Fe, P, Ca and Cu in phase II. However, our results showed that serum level of Zn was significantly lower after omeprazole consumption in males. So, nutritional supplement of Zn should be considered in male patients treated with omeprazole.     

Kinematics Analyses Related to Stretch-Shortening Cycle during Soccer Instep Kicking After Different Acute Stretching

ABSTRACT: Amiri-Khorasani, M, MohammadKazemi, R, Sarafrazi, S, Riyahi-Malayeri, S, and Sotoodeh, V. Kinematics analyses related to stretch-shortening cycle during soccer instep kicking after different acute stretching. J Strength Cond Res 26(11): 3010-3017, 2012-The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of static and dynamic stretching within a preexercise warm-up on angular velocity of knee joint, deepest knee flexion (DKF), and duration of eccentric and concentric contractions, which are relative to the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) during instep kicking in professional soccer players. The kicking motions of dominant legs were captured from 18 Olympic professional male soccer players (height: 180.38 ± 7.34 cm; weight: 69.77 ± 9.73 kg; age: 19.22 ± 1.83 years) using 4 digital video cameras at 50 Hz. There was a significant difference in the DKF after the dynamic stretching (-3.22 ± 3.10°) vs. static stretching (-0.18 ± 3.19°) relative to the no-stretching method with p < 0.001. Moreover, there was significant difference in eccentric duration after the dynamic stretching (0.006 ± 0.01 seconds) vs. static stretching (-0.003 ± 0.01 seconds) relative to the no-stretching method with p < 0.015. There was a significant difference in the concentric duration after the dynamic stretching (-0.007 ± 0.01 seconds) vs. static stretching (0.002 ± 0.01 seconds) relative to the no-stretching method with p < 0.001. There was also a significant difference in knee angular velocity after the dynamic stretching (4.08 ± 3.81 rad·s) vs. static stretching (-5.34 ± 4.40 rad·s) relative to the no-stretching method with p < 0.001. We concluded that dynamic stretching during warm-ups, as compared with static stretching, is probably the most effective way as preparation for the kinematics characteristics of soccer instep kick, which are relative to the SSC.     

Acute effect of static and dynamic stretching on hip dynamic range of motion during instep kicking in professional soccer players

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of static and dynamic stretching within a pre-exercise warm-up on hip dynamic range of motion (DROM) during instep kicking in professional soccer players. The kicking motions of dominant legs were captured from 18 professional adult male soccer players (height: 180.38 ± 7.34 cm; mass: 69.77 ± 9.73 kg; age: 19.22 ± 1.83 years) using 4 3-dimensional digital video cameras at 50 Hz. Hip DROM at backward, forward, and follow-through phases (instep kick phases) after different warm-up protocols consisting of static, dynamic, and no-stretching on 3 nonconsecutive test days were captured for analysis. During the backswing phase, there was no difference in DROM after the dynamic stretching compared with the static stretching relative to the no-stretching method. There was a significant difference in DROM after the dynamic stretching compared with the static stretching relative to the no-stretching method during (a) the forward phase with p < 0.03, (b) the follow-through phase with p < 0.01, and (c) all phases with p < 0.01. We concluded that professional soccer players can perform a higher DROM of the hip joint during the instep kick after dynamic stretching incorporated in warm-ups, hence increasing the chances of scoring and injury prevention during soccer games.     

Kinematic analysis of hip and knee angles during landing after imagery in female athletes

ABSTRACT: Sarafrazi, S, Bt Abdulah, RT, and Amiri-Khorasani, M. Kinematics analysis of hip and knee angles during landing after imagery in female athletes. J Strength Cond Res 26(9): 2356-2363, 2012-In sport settings, imagery is regarded as one of the most popular and effective techniques to enhance the learning strategies and performance of skills. However, its effect on the correction of improper technique such as landing, which causes injury, is not clear. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of imagery on knee and hip flexion angle during jump landing in women. The landing motions were captured from 40 female physical education students (height: 166.05 ± 7.52 cm; mass: 55.75 ± 9.23 kg; age: 20.45 ± 1.66 years) using a 3-dimensional technique at 60 Hz by 3 video cameras. There was a significant difference between no imagery (27.04 ± 2.40°) and imagery (22.98 ± 1.95°) on knee valgus angle, and also, there was a significant difference between no imagery (44.88 ± 13.46°) and imagery (62.35 ± 8.34°) on the knee flexion angle (p ≤ 0.001). There is, in addition, a significant difference between the effect of no imagery (28.60 ± 4.88°) and imagery (39.73 ± 7.29°) on hip flexion angle (p ≤ 0.001). It seems that imagery can be used to correct motions and movements. Based on this finding, we concluded that imagery, probably, can be used as a training strategy to change athletic motion; however, the authors suggest further investigation into the efficacy of imagery in the prevention of anterior cruciate ligament injury.