海南地区与环渤海湾美人鱼发光杆菌美人鱼亚种水产动物分离株的表型与遗传特征分析

美人鱼发光杆菌美人鱼亚种（Photobacterium damselae subsp.damselae,PDD）是一种广泛分布于海洋环境内的重要病原菌,可导致多种海洋生物患病死亡,近年来在我国不同养殖区域内均有发现和报道。[目的] 通过生理代谢表型、毒力基因分布和分子遗传分析,系统比较我国海南地区和环渤海湾不同株系PDD的表型与遗传多样性特征。[方法] 使用选择性培养基测定PDD的蔗糖发酵能力、运动性、溶血性和磷脂酶活性;通过PCR检测质粒pPHDD1复制起始点基因pPHDD1 replication origin和毒力基因dly,hlyA_pl,hlyA_ch,plpV;基于toxR基因序列构建系统发育树,分析16株PDD的遗传关系。[结果] 4株PDD蔗糖发酵测试呈阳性,12株PDD蔗糖发酵测试呈阴性。不同株系PDD运动能力存在显著差异,其中环渤海湾分离株Pdd1608、Pdd2009和Pdd1704的运动能力较强。仅有环渤海湾分离株Pdd1608表现为强溶血性、强磷脂酶活性;海南地区分离株Pdd1612和Pdd0912表现为弱溶血性、无磷脂酶活性;其余菌株表现为弱溶血性、弱磷脂酶活性。菌株Pdd1608的毒力基因谱为pPHDD1 replication origin-dly-hlyA_p-hlyA_ch-plpV,其余菌株的毒力基因谱为hlyA_ch-plpV。系统发育分析揭示不同株系PDD具有高度的遗传多样性。[结论] 流行于海南地区和环渤海湾的PDD可能都由多克隆种群组成,它们具有复杂的表型特征、相似的毒力基因分布和高度的遗传多样性。     

Epidemiology of Onychomycosis in Chinese Mainland: A 30-year Retrospective Study

Mycopathologia - Onychomycosis was a common nail disease caused by dermatophytes, yeasts or molds. The prevalence of onychomycosis varied in different counties and it was necessary to understand...     

Study on the immune enhancement of different immunoadjuvants used in the pentavalent vaccine for turbots

In this study, we investigated the immune enhancing effects of different adjuvants used in a pentavalent vaccine for turbots. The pentavalent vaccine consisted of inactive bacterial cells from five common pathogenic strains (Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio scophtalmi, Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio alginolyticus) and the adjuvants were astragalus polysaccharides (APS), propolis, and the Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA). Turbots were immunized with the pentavalent vaccine alone or with one of the adjuvants, and the immune efficiency was evaluated by measuring the activities of lysozyme (LSZ) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and serum antibody titers. Fish were also challenged with the pathogens after immunization and the relative percent survival (RPS) was assessed. Our results showed that APS, propolis, and FCA had significant immune-enhancing effects on turbots as shown by the higher titers of antibodies against the pathogens, increased LSZ and SOD activities, and enhanced RPS after challenge with pathogens. Among the three adjuvants, FCA had the most significant immune synergistic effects with the vaccine, and APS and propolis had lower and similar immune synergies.     

Molecular mapping of quantitative trait loci for three kernel-related traits in maize using a double haploid population

Kernel size and kernel weight are important factors possibly involved in the determination of grain yield in maize, so identifying the genetic basis of kernel-related traits provides insights into the breeding of high-yield maize varieties. Kernel length (KL), kernel width (KW) and hundred kernel weight (HKW) were evaluated in three various planting conditions for the 240 field-grown double haploid (DH) lines derived from the single-cross hybrid Xianyu335. Variations in KL, KW and HKW were observed among DH lines, and all three traits showed a broad sense heritability of 76%. A total of 964 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the MaizeSNP3072 chip was utilised to create a high-density genetic map of 1546.4 cM and to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Using composite interval mapping, a total of five, seven and five QTLs have been mapped for KL, KW and HKW, respectively. qkl1-2 and qkl4-1 explained 17.8% and 14.2% of the phenotypic variation in KL, respectively, and the other three QTLs contributed 3.2–4.0%. The phenotypic variation explained (PVE) of seven QTLs responsible for KW ranged from 3.3 to 9.5%. Three QTLs for HKW, qhkw1, qhkw5 and qhkw10 each explained more than 10% of the phenotypic variation, and qhkw4 and qhkw9 accounted for 3.0% and 6.0%, respectively. Due to their detection in multiple planting environments, the loci mapped here appear to be potential targets for the improvement of maize grain yield.     

Quantifying and Comparing the Near-Field Enhancement,Photothermal Conversion,and Local Heating Performance of Plasmonic SiO2@Au Core-Shell Nanoparticles

Plasmonics - In this work, the finite element method and two-temperature model were used to optimize the near electric field, photothermal conversion efficiency, and local heating of SiO2@Au...     

Enhanced acetate utilization for value-added chemicals production in Yarrowia lipolytica by integration of metabolic engineering and microbial electrosynthesis

The limited supply of reducing power restricts the efficient utilization of acetate in Yarrowia lipolytica. Here, microbial electrosynthesis (MES) system, enabling direct conversion of inward electrons to NAD(P)H, was used to improve the production of fatty alcohols from acetate based on pathway engineering. First, the conversion efficiency of acetate to acetyl-CoA was reinforced by heterogenous expression of ackA-pta genes. Second, a small amount of glucose was used as cosubstrate to activate the pentose phosphate pathway and promote intracellular reducing cofactors synthesis. Third, through the employment of MES system, the final fatty alcohols production of the engineered strain YLFL-11 reached 83.8 mg/g dry cell weight (DCW), which was 6.17-fold higher than the initial production of YLFL-2 in shake flask. Furthermore, these strategies were also applied for the elevation of lupeol and betulinic acid synthesis from acetate in Y. lipolytica, demonstrating that our work provides a practical solution for cofactor supply and the assimilation of inferior carbon sources.     

黄土丘陵区刺槐、辽东栎林地土壤碳、氮、磷生态化学计量特征

黄土高原中部的丘陵沟壑区位于半湿润、半干旱气候带,生态环境脆弱,水土流失严重,植被恢复是该地区水土保持与生态重建的重要措施。辽东栎天然次生林和刺槐人工林是该地区典型的森林植被类型。以黄土丘陵森林分布区边缘的两种主要森林类型为对象,通过采集林地不同深度土壤样品,对比分析两种林地土壤中碳、氮、磷含量的计量关系及垂直分布特征,旨在探明该区域土壤化学计量特征及主要影响因素。结果表明:(1)在两种林地类型中,土壤有机碳与全碳含量呈正相关关系,两种林地可用同一曲线进行拟合,说明特定土壤类型在同一区域其有机碳和无机碳相对含量基本稳定。(2)土壤有机碳与全氮比值在10左右,在不同土层深度无明显变化;而土壤全碳与全氮比值则随土壤深度的增加而增加,超过1 m以后呈现饱和曲线的变化趋势。(3)土壤氮磷比随土壤深度的增加呈幂次型降低。