木霉属真菌的系统学及其应用研究

介绍了木霉属真菌的分类系统 ,有关木霉种系发育的分子生物学研究进展 ,以及在酶制剂、农业和环境保护中的应用概况。     

气候变化对黄淮海平原冬小麦产量和耗水的影响及品种适应性评估

基于IPCC5 3种代表性温室气体浓度排放路径(RCP)的情景集成数据,采用VIP生态水文模型,模拟分析了黄淮海平原未来冬小麦产量、蒸散量的气候变化响应.模拟结果表明:未考虑CO2肥效时,3种典型排放路径下,冬小麦生育期都将因气温上升而缩短,其产量和蒸散量将呈下降趋势.CO2浓度增加对作物生长的有利影响强于气候变化带来的不利影响,是未来情景下冬小麦产量增加的主要原因.以RCP4.5为例,2050s黄淮海地区冬小麦平均产量将增加14.8%(无CO2肥效时产量下降2.5%),蒸散量降低2.1%.采用积温需求更高的品种将有利于冬小麦利用CO2肥效提高其产量,但耗水量将有所增加.因此,培育适应气候变化的作物品种、发展节水农业和管理技术是应对气候变化的关键.     

Genetic markers for diagnosis and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly and represents an important and increasing clinical challenge in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Mutations in the genes encoding amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PSEN1) and presenilin 2 (PSEN2) are responsible for early-onset autosomal dominant AD. The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene has been recognized as a major genetic risk factor for the more common, complex, late-onset AD. Fibrillar deposits by phosphorylated tau are also a key pathological feature of AD. The retromer complex also has been reported to late-onset AD. More recently, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) identified putative novel candidate genes associated with late-onset AD. Lastly, several studies showed that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood serum of AD patients can be used as biomarkers in AD diagnosis. This review addresses the advances and challenges in determining genetic and diagnostic markers for complex AD pathogenesis.     

浙江短角瘿蚊属一新种记述(双翅目:瘿蚊科)

记述采自浙江省的短角瘿蚊1新种:狭短角瘿蚊Anarete angusta Mo et Xu,sp.nov..     

Metronidazole in prevention and treatment of bacteroides infections in elective colonic surgery.

A double-blind randomised trial was carried out among 46 patients undergoing elective colonic surgery; 27 patients received prophylactic metronidazole and 19 received placebo. Anaerobic infections did not develop in any of the metronidazole-treated patients, but did develop in 11 (58%) of 19 controls who were subsequently successfully treated with metronidazole.     

Molecular and biochemical characterization of the<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Capsicum annuum calcium-dependent protein kinase 3</Emphasis> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">CaCDPK3</Emphasis>) gene induced by abiotic and biotic stresses

The isolated full-length Capsicum annuum calcium-dependent protein kinase 3 (CaCDPK3) cDNA clone was selected from the chili pepper expressed sequence tag database (). Phylogenetic analysis based on the deduced amino acid sequence of CaCDPK3 cDNA revealed significant sequence similarity to the winter squash (Cucurbita maxima) CmCPK2 gene (81% identity). Genomic gel blot analysis disclosed that CaCDPK3 belongs to a multigene family in the pepper genome. CaCDPK3 expression was root tissue-specific, as shown by Northern blot data. The gene was rapidly induced in response to various osmotic stress factors and exogenous abscisic acid application in pepper leaves. Moreover, CaCDPK3 RNA expression was induced by an incompatible pathogen and by plant defense-related chemicals such as ethephon, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid. The biochemical properties of CaCDPK3 were investigated using a CaCDPK3 and glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein. The recombinant proteins retained calcium-binding ability, and displayed autophosphorylation activity in vitro in a calcium-dependent manner. Further transient-expression studies showed that CaCDPK3 fused with soluble modified green fluorescent protein (smGFP) localized to the cytosol in chili pepper protoplasts. We propose that CaCDPK3 is implicated in biotic and abiotic stresses in pepper plants.