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1.
2.
The phylogeny of Greya Busck (Lepidoptera: Prodoxidae) was inferred from
nucleotide sequence variation across a 765-bp region in the cytochrome
oxidase I and II genes of the mitochondrial genome. Most parsimonious
relationships of 25 haplotypes from 16 Greya species and two outgroup
genera (Tetragma and Prodoxus) showed substantial congruence with the
species relationships indicated by morphological variation. Differences
between mitochondrial and morphological trees were found primarily in the
positions of two species, G. variabilis and G. pectinifera, and in the
branching order of the three major species groups in the genus. Conflicts
between the data sets were examined by comparing levels of homoplasy in
characters supporting alternative hypotheses. The phylogeny of Greya
species suggests that host-plant association at the family level and larval
feeding mode are conservative characters. Transition/transversion ratios
estimated by reconstruction of nucleotide substitutions on the phylogeny
had a range of 2.0-9.3, when different subsets of the phylogeny were used.
The decline of this ratio with the increase in maximum sequence divergence
among taxa indicates that transitions are masked by transversions along
deeper internodes or long branches of the phylogeny. Among transitions,
substitutions of A-->G and T-->C outnumbered their reciprocal
substitutions by 2-6 times, presumably because of the approximately 4:1
(77%) A+T-bias in nucleotide base composition. Of all transversions,
73%-80% were A<-->T substitutions, 85% of which occurred at third
positions of codons; these estimates did not decrease with an increase in
maximum sequence divergence of taxa included in the analysis. The high
frequency of A<-->T substitutions is either a reflection or an
explanation of the 92% A+T bias at third codon positions.
相似文献
3.
Summary Anaerobic digestion of sugar beet pulps was studied in a 70 l digestor with sequential feeding, after enzymatic hydrolysis by Trichoderma harzianum cellulases. During the 130 days feeding, 3.6 m3 of biogas were produced with an average content of 58% CH4 from 270 l of hydrolysed pulps at 20 g VS/l. Average yield and production rate were respectively 0.67 m3/kg VS and 0.4 m3/ kg VS and 0.4 m3/m3 of digestor per day. 相似文献
4.
Alistar Ottochian Chiara Ricca Frederic Labat Carlo Adamo 《Journal of molecular modeling》2016,22(3):61
The diffusion and ionic conductivity of Li x Na1?x CO3 salt mixtures were studied by means of Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, using the Janssen and Tissen model (Janssen and Tissen, Mol Simul 5:83–98; 1990). These salts have received particular attention due to their central role in fuel cells technology, and reliable numerical methods that could perform as important interpretative tool of experimental data are thus required but still lacking. The chosen computational model nicely reproduces the main structural behaviour of the pure Li2CO3, Na2CO3 and K2CO3 carbonates, but also of their Li/K and Li/Na mixtures. However, it fails to accurately describe dynamic properties such as activation energies of diffusion and conduction processes, outlining the need to develop more accurate models for the simulation of molten salt carbonates. 相似文献
5.
A facultatively anaerobic, mesophilic, Gram-negative, non-motile, non-sporulated bacterium, designated strain C2, was isolated
from an anaerobic digester fed with shea cake rich in tannins and aromatic compounds and previously inoculated with anaerobic
sludge from the pit of a slaughterhouse, after enrichment on tannic acid. The straight rods occurred singly or in pairs. Strain
C2 fermented numerous carbohydrates (fructose, galactose, glucose, lactose, mannose, maltose, melibiose, raffinose, rhamnose,
ribose, saccharose, sorbitol, trehalose, and xylose) and peptides (Biotrypcase, Casamino acids, and yeast extract), producing
acid and gas, and had a G + C content of 51.6 ± 0.1 mol %. Strain C2 was very closely related to Escherichia coli (= DSM 30083T) phylogenetically (similarity of 99%), genotypically (DNA homology of 79%), and phenotypically. The isolate tolerated tannic
acid (hydrolyzable tannin) and decarboxylated by non-oxidative decarboxylation only p-hydroxybenzoic and vanillic acids to their corresponding phenol and guaicol, under anaerobic and aerobic conditions without
further degradation. Adding glucose increased growth and the rate of conversion. High concentrations of p-hydroxybenzoic acid or vanillic acid inhibited growth, and decarboxylation could not occur completely, suggesting phenol
toxicity. In contrast, the type strain of E. coli cannot metabolize p-hydroxybenzoic and vanillic acids, anaerobically or aerobically, with or without glucose added.
Received: 30 July 2001 / Accepted: 17 August 2001 相似文献
6.
Bocher P.; Cherel Y.; Alonzo F.; Razouls S.; Labat J. P.; Mayzaud P.; Jouventin P. 《Journal of plankton research》2002,24(12):1317-1333
The importance of the euchaetid copepod Paraeuchaeta antarcticain the subantarctic pelagic ecosystem was quantified in thecoastal waters of the Golfe du Morbihan at Kerguelen Islandsby comparing food samples from two diving seabirds with concurrentnet samples taken within the predator foraging area. Paraeuchaetaantarctica occurred in very high densities (up to 30 individualsm-3 and 96 mg dry weight m-3) in the water column, being moreabundant in the deepest part of the gulf than in shallow watersor at the more offshore shelf stations. The common diving petrelfeeds almost exclusively on crustaceans, its diet being dominatedby the amphipod Themisto gaudichaudii (52% by number and 84%by reconstituted mass) and P. antarctica (33% and 16%, respectively).Rockhopper penguins preyed upon crustaceans and fish, with fourtaxa being important, namely T. gaudichaudii (37% and 23%, respectively),Euphausia vallentini (24% and 41%), postlarval fish (10% and24%), and P. antarctica (13% and 3%). Paraeuchaeta antarcticadominated numerically in 21% of the diving-petrel food samplesand in 12% of penguin samples. The two bird species segregatedby preying upon different developmental stages of P. antarctica,diving petrels fed equally on CV of both sexes and CVI, whilepenguins fed on CVI only. Comparison of P. antarctica foundin net and food samples indicated no prey selection by commondiving petrels that caught the different copepod stages in proportionto their availability in the water column. On the other hand,the diving performance of penguins, which is better than thatof the petrels (mean maximum dive depths 69 m for penguins versus32 m in petrels), allows them to catch CVI in deeper waters,probably near the bottom. Our study shows that P. antarcticais a major component of the coastal macrozooplankton communityand a significant prey for two species of diving seabirds inhabitingKerguelen. This is also the first record of a copepod speciesas a prey for penguin, and the first to highlight P. antarcticain the food of austral seabirds. 相似文献
7.
A wide-ranging examination of plastid (pt)DNA sequence homologies within
higher plant nuclear genomes (promiscuous DNA) was undertaken. Digestion
with methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes and Southern analysis was
used to distinguish plastid and nuclear DNA in order to assess the extent
of variability of promiscuous sequences within and between plant species.
Some species, such as Gossypium hirsutum (cotton), Nicotiana tabacum
(tobacco), and Chenopodium quinoa, showed homogenity of these sequences,
while intraspecific sequence variation was observed among different
cultivars of Pisum sativum (pea), Hordeum vulgare (barley), and Triticum
aestivum (wheat). Hypervariability of plastid sequence homologies was
identified in the nuclear genomes of Spinacea oleracea (spinach) and Beta
vulgaris (beet), in which individual plants were shown to possess a unique
spectrum of nuclear sequences with ptDNA homology. This hypervariability
apparently extended to somatic variation in B. vulgaris. No sequences with
ptDNA homology were identified by this method in the nuclear genome of
Arabidopsis thaliana.
相似文献
8.
Omar Riah Philippe Courrière Jean-Claude Dousset Nathalie Todeschi Christian Labat 《Cellular and molecular neurobiology》1998,18(3):311-318
1. Nicotine and its main metabolite, cotinine, were reported to have distinct behavioral activities in mammals.2. In this study, cotinine was synthesized without detectable nicotine contamination to compare the ability of nicotine and cotinine to pass the blood–brain barrier (BBB)in rats.3. The alkaloids were extracted from plasma and brain tissues by methanol, identified by thin-layer chromatography, and quantified by high-pressure liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassays.4. Consistently, the three methods showed that the passage of cotinine was time, route of administration, and dose dependent and that nicotine was more efficient than cotinine to pass the BBB.5. The results suggest that these alkaloids may have central activities that probably result from their actions at distinct molecular levels. 相似文献
9.
Louis H Kakou A Regnault V Labat C Bressenot A Gao-Li J Gardner H Thornton SN Challande P Li Z Lacolley P 《American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology》2007,293(4):H2597-H2604
We examined the arterial phenotype of mice lacking alpha(1)-integrin (alpha(1)(-/-)) at baseline and after 4 wk of ANG II or norepinephrine (NE) administration. Arterial mechanical properties were determined in the carotid artery (CA). Integrin expression, MAPK kinases, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) were assessed in the aorta. No change in arterial pressure was observed in alpha(1)(-/-) mice. Elastic modulus-wall stress curves were similar in alpha(1)(-/-) and alpha(1)(+/+) animals, indicating no change in arterial stiffness. The rupture pressure was lower in alpha(1)(-/-) mice, demonstrating decreased mechanical strength. Lack of alpha(1)-integrin was accompanied by an increase in beta(1)-, alpha(v)-, and alpha(5)-integrins but no change in alpha(2)-integrin. ANG II increased medial cross-sectional area of the CA in alpha(1)(+/+), but not alpha(1)(-/-), mice, whereas equivalent pressor doses of NE did not produce a significant increase in either group. In alpha(1)(+/+) mice, ANG II induced alpha(1)-integrin expression and smooth muscle cell (SMC) hypertrophy in the CA in association with increased aortic expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain and phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and FAK. ANG II did not induce SMC hypertrophy or phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and FAK in alpha(1)(-/-) mice. A functional anti-alpha(1)-integrin antibody inhibited in vitro the ANG II-induced phosphorylation of FAK and p38 MAPK. In conclusion, alpha(1)(-/-) mice exhibit a reduced mechanical strength at baseline and a lack of ANG II-induced SMC hypertrophy. These results emphasize the importance of alpha(1)beta(1)-integrin in p38 MAPK and FAK phosphorylation during vascular hypertrophy in response to ANG II. 相似文献
10.
A moderately halophilic, mesophilic, Gram-negative, motile, nonsporulating bacterium, designated strain IMPC, was isolated from a table-olive fermentation rich in aromatic compounds, after enrichment on p-coumaric acid under halophilic conditions. Strain IMPC was able to degrade p-coumaric acid. p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and p-hydroxybenzoic acid were detected as breakdown products from p-coumaric acid. Protocatechuic acid was identified as the final aromatic product of p-coumaric acid catabolism before ring fission. Strain IMPC transformed various cinnamic acids with substituent H, OH, CH(3) or OCH(3) in the para- and/or meta-position of the aromatic ring to the corresponding benzoic acids, indicating a specific selection. A beta-oxidation pathway was proposed for these transformations. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that this isolate was a member of the genus Halomonas. Strain IMPC was closely related to Halomonas elongata ATCC 33173(T)and Halomonas eurihalina ATCC 49336(T). 相似文献