吉林省粘虫猖獗世代发生虫源的研究——Ⅰ.发生虫源的探讨和越冬问题研究

粘虫是吉林省粮食作物的大害虫。本文为作者于1953—1962年研究粘虫的一部分工作,目的在于分析吉林省粘虫发生猖獗世代的虫源问题。我们怀疑春季出现的大量成虫有两种可能来源:(1)本地越冬的成虫、蛹或幼虫;(2)由外地迁入。通过研究分析,所得结果如下: 1.粘虫在吉林省一年完成两个世代。春季发生的第一代是猖獗世代,幼虫为害盛期在6月下旬至7月上旬,其繁殖虫源主要来自5月下旬到6月上半月出现的成虫。 2.粘虫在当地的入冬虫态,有幼虫、蛹及成虫。经过发生地的越冬调查及野外试验,证明粘虫在东北和内蒙地区的自然条件下不论何种虫态,均不能越冬。 3.据粘虫抗寒力测定,在-8℃恒温下,幼虫、蛹、成虫均迅速死亡,在-5℃下最长只能存活3—7小时,在1±1℃下全部死亡的理论时间为成虫19.95天、幼虫44.67天、蛹25.70天。查当地1、2两月旬平均气温最高-9.4℃,最低-16.5℃,田间5厘米深的土温为-12.4—-9.4℃,均超过虫体的死亡低温。 因此,粘虫不可能在吉林省越冬,从而可以推断猖獗世代的虫源,是由外地迁入的。     

Crossing experiments in Allium L. section Cepa

VAN RAAMSDONK, L. W. D., WIETSMA, W. A. & DE VRIES, J. N., 1992. Crossing experiments in Allium L. section Cepa . A full diallel was carried out with six diploid species of Allium section Cepa and A. roylei of section Rhizirideum , High isolation barriers were found between the related species A. cepa and A. oschaninii , between A. oschaninii and A. vavilovii , and between A. galanthum and A. pskemense . On the contrary, the species A. cepa and A. roylei , belonging to different sections, show only slight isolation barriers. The Wallace effect, which is the development of internal isolation barriers as such, is likely to have taken place in the evolution of A. oschaninii and A. vavilovii , and possibly also between A. galanthum and A. pskemense .     

Short-Term In Vitro Culture and Molecular Analysis of the Microsporidian, Enterocytozoon bieneusi

ABSTRACT. The microsporidium, Enterocytozoon bieneusi , causes a severe, debilitating, chronic diarrhea in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Specific diagnosis of intestinal microsporidiosis, especially due to Enterocytozoon , is difficult and there is no known therapy that can completely eradicate this parasite. Preliminary studies indicate that a short term (about 6 months) in vitro culture of this parasite yielding low numbers of spores, may be established by inoculating human lung fibroblasts and/or monkey kidney cell cultures with duodenal aspirates and or biopsy from infected patients. The cultures may subsequently be used for the isolation and molecular analysis of parasite DNA.     

东亚飞蝗Locusta migratoria manilensis Meyen循环系统和排泄器官的解剖和组织构造

接着东亚飞蝗消化系统和生殖系统之后,现在把循环系统的解剖和组织构造整理出来以供参考,由于排泄器官相当分散,与循环系统又有一定的连系,所以也附带在本文中叙述。 前人对于昆虫的循环系统研究工作可以参考的有 Albrecht(1953)所著飞蝗解剖一书;Snodgrass(1903)作过 Dissosteria carolina 的内部解剖;Hodge(1936、1939、1940)对     

Cost reduction in the cold: heat generated by terrestrial locomotion partly substitutes for thermoregulation costs in Knot Calidris canutus

To test whether heat generated during locomotion substitutes for the thermoregulation cost, oxygen consumption of four post-absorptive temperate-wintering Knot Calidris canutus was measured at air temperatures of 25̀C (thermoneutral) and 10̀C (c. 10̀ below the lower critical temperature) when the birds were at rest at night and during running on a treadmill. After allowing for body mass, the thermoregulation cost at 10̀C was significantly lower in active birds compared with birds at rest. At rest, the birds spent, on average, 0.50 watt (W; range, 0.47-0.57 W) on thermoregulation. During exercise, this cost factor averaged 0.33 W (range, 0.25-0.42 W). The average difference in thermoregulation cost was 35% (ranging from 26% to 49% between individuals) and provides an estimate of the amount of substituted heat. A review of nine studies, all restricted to small birds, showed that substitution is a widespread phenomenon. The consequences of such partial substitution for the annual energetics of Knot wintering in the temperate Wadden Sea v tropical west Africa are examined. Compared with a previous additive model, the model which includes substitution (i.e. the use of heat produced during activity) reduces the differences in maintenance metabolism between the two wintering strategies by 17%, from 1.19 W to 0.99 W.