Microbial Synthesis of Nanoparticles: Mechanisms,Characteristics, and Applications

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) and zinc sulfide (ZnS) biogenic nanoparticles (NPs) were produced by microbial synthesis using bacteria of different taxonomic groups: Gram-negative (Shewanella oneidensis MR-1) and Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis 168) bacteria in a liquid medium under aerobic conditions in the presence of salts of the respective metals and sulfur. It was shown that the stabilization of nanoparticles in aqueous suspensions is due to the presence of certain protein molecules of the outer membrane of cells, that is, proteins of the families of various receptors, porins, and flagellin, on the nanoparticle (NP) surface. The effect of the protein coating on stability, luminescence, zeta-potential, hydrodynamics diameter and other physiochemical characteristics of nanoparticles was studied. Decolorization of methylene blue dye under the exposure to UV irradiation was used as a model to demonstrate the photocatalytic properties of NPsCdS. This opens the possibility of using biogenic nanoparticles in photocatalysis for industrial wastewater treatment.

     

Predictive potential of DNA markers in heterosis breeding of maize

PCR-analysis of maize inbred lines has been carried out. Genetic distances between the lines have been calculated, allelic composition and heterosis level of F-hybrids have been determined. Heterosis level of hybrid seed yield rised according to increasing of genetic distances between initial lines. Correlation of allelic composition of inbred line microsatellite loci and heterosis level of the respective hybrids has been revealed.     

Modern biotechnologies in estimation of genetic diversity of Ukrainian varieties of hop (Humulus lupulus L.)

Genetic variety estimation of hop gene pool using DNA-typing of highly polymorphic microsatellite loci and optimization of introduction to the culture of in vitro conditions is the important stage of national varieties resources forming, basis of modern nursery and protect mean of varieties property, and also it is necessary for development of molecular methods of selection of planting-stocks free from pathogens.     

Marking loci responsible for resistance of maize to fusarium rot

Genotyping of an F₂ population obtained from crossing of the maize lines Odesskaya 139 and R221 that are contrasting on resistance to fusarium rot is conducted. A codominant DNA marker RGA11 to the locus corresponding to maize resistance to fusarium rot is discovered at a distance of 18.3 cM.     

Ability to test phenylthiocarbamide (PTC-test) among the population of Kirghizia]

The distribution of the taste sensitivity to phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) among 320 Kirghiz boys, 320 Kirghiz girls, 45 Russian boys and 200 Russian girls was studied. The measurements of taste sensitivity to PTC was carried out by the standard method with a scale of PTC dilution to 29.     

Modern biotechnology is useful in the estimation of the genetic diversity of Ukrainian varieties of hop (Humulus Lupulus L.)

There are two important stages that help form national variety resources: estimation of the varieties of a hop’s gene fund by DNA typing of highly variable microsatellite loci and optimization of the conditions for introducing different genotypes in culture in vitro. These stages constitute the basis for a modern nursery and the means of a legal remedy of proprietorship on a particular variety. Furthermore, these stages are necessary for the development of molecular methods of selection of pathogen-free planting material.     

Molecular genetic analysis of maize mitochondrial regions associated with CMS

The Mmolecular-genetic polymorphism of 86 maize lines of world and Ukrainian breeding with S-, C- and T-types of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and with wild-type mitochondra was studied by PCR analysis of mitochondrion regions. A molecular marker system was able to detect and identify a certain type of CMS in the maize lines and differentiate maize lines with a certain type of CMS from both lines with a different type of CMS and those with the wild-type cytoplasm.     

Identification and Registration of Maize Genotypes with the Use of Molecular Markers

In plant genetics and breeding, second-generation molecular markers allow detailed characterization of plant genotypes. As shown by PCR analysis of ten SSR loci, 40 genotypes were unique. For every locus, SSR analysis revealed heterozygotes among simple hybrids, which made it possible to identify the parental forms with a high probability of exclusion of nonparental forms. A system was proposed for registration of maize genotypes in the form of genetic formulas reflecting the allelic state of microsatellite loci, in order to catalog, preserve, and effectively employ the existing maize gene pool in breeding.     

Marking of the loci encoding maize resistance to Fusarium

Genotyping of F2-population from crossing of maize lines Odesskaya 139 and R221 contrasting on Fusarium rot resistance has been carried out. Codominant DNA-marker RGA11 to the locus determining Fusarium resistance was found out at the distance of 18.3 cM.     

Determination of "hybrids" in simple hybrids of maize by SSR-PCR

The results of SSRP-analysis of molecular-genetic polymorphism in maize inbred lines and simple hybrids are presented. Character of inheritance of amplicons obtained by SSR-PCR-method was investigated. Test-system for determination of hybridity of simple maize hybrids was proposed, which showed high probability of exclusion of unrelative male forms.