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1.
M Marzban M S Kamali T Hosseinbasi 《Anthropologischer Anzeiger; Bericht über die biologisch-anthropologische Literatur》1988,46(1):83-89
ABO, Rh and MN blood groups were studied among the people of Ahwaz, Khuzistan, Iran. The people of Ahwaz are characterized by high frequencies of the blood groups 0 (41.16%), Rh-positive (90.0%) and MN (48.13%). These frequencies are significantly different from those obtained in other Iranian populations, which is caused by the co-operation of various factors. 相似文献
2.
D D Farhud M S Kamali M Marzban 《Anthropologischer Anzeiger; Bericht über die biologisch-anthropologische Literatur》1986,44(1):61-66
234 218 births (1975-1983) from a hospital in Tehran have been analysed for seasonality of birth and sex ratio. The results show more births in winter and less births in fall. The sex ratio is higher in summer and lower in fall. The occurrence of multibirths shows higher twinning and triplet rates in spring and fall, respectively, whereas lower twinning and triplet rates occur in winter and summer, respectively. It could be demonstrated that geographical factors influence the rates of births and multibirths as well as the sex ratio. 相似文献
3.
We analyzed bilateral finger prints of 3158 individuals from 13 Iranian populations of diverse origins, for digital patterns,
using the topological method. Some male/female differences, and a great deal of heterogeneity in interpopulational variation
was observed. Distance analysis, and the resultant dendrograms separated the populations studied, but the separation was not
in agreement with the known ethnohistory of this region. Comparison of the obtained results with those based on the traditional
methodology showed that the traditional methodology gives better results in measuring population distances. 相似文献
4.
M S Kamali J Mavalwala 《Anthropologischer Anzeiger; Bericht über die biologisch-anthropologische Literatur》1990,48(1):85-97
The bilateral palmar prints of 3,158 females and males from 13 Iranian populations of diverse origins were analyzed to see how well topological palmar pattern frequencies reflect population distances. The results showed bimanual variation among most of the populations studied. Sex variation showed significant differences among all of the populations studied. Distance analysis and constructed dendrograms showed separation between the populations studied. These distances were frequently in agreement with the known ethnohistoric background of the populations studied. The male data gave better results. It appears that topological palmar patterns are a better indicator of population distance than topological finger patterns. 相似文献
5.
Iman Kamali Sarvestani Alexander Kozlov Nalin Harischandra Sten Grillner Örjan Ekeberg 《Biological cybernetics》2013,107(5):497-512
This study addresses mechanisms for the generation and selection of visual behaviors in anamniotes. To demonstrate the function of these mechanisms, we have constructed an experimental platform where a simulated animal swims around in a virtual environment containing visually detectable objects. The simulated animal moves as a result of simulated mechanical forces between the water and its body. The undulations of the body are generated by contraction of simulated muscles attached to realistic body components. Muscles are driven by simulated motoneurons within networks of central pattern generators. Reticulospinal neurons, which drive the spinal pattern generators, are in turn driven directly and indirectly by visuomotor centers in the brainstem. The neural networks representing visuomotor centers receive sensory input from a simplified retina. The model also includes major components of the basal ganglia, as these are hypothesized to be key components in behavior selection. We have hypothesized that sensorimotor transformation in tectum and pretectum transforms the place-coded retinal information into rate-coded turning commands in the reticulospinal neurons via a recruitment network mimicking the layered structure of tectal areas. Via engagement of the basal ganglia, the system proves to be capable of selecting among several possible responses, even if exposed to conflicting stimuli. The anatomically based structure of the control system makes it possible to disconnect different neural components, yielding concrete predictions of how animals with corresponding lesions would behave. The model confirms that the neural networks identified in the lamprey are capable of responding appropriately to simple, multiple, and conflicting stimuli. 相似文献
6.
7.
Etienne Karita Matt A Price Shabir Lakhi William Kilembe Anatoli Kamali Eugene Ruzagira Eric Hunter Paul Farmer Susan Allen Gwynn Stevens Paramesh Chetty Sabrina Welsh Annie Yang Jill Gilmour Pat Fast The IAVI Africa HIV Prevention Partnership 《PloS one》2015,10(8)
Background
2013 WHO guidelines recommend starting ART at CD4+ T-cell counts ≤500 cells/μL. We present the T-cell counts from adult Africans with HIV shortly following transmission to their sexual partners.Methods
HIV-discordant couples in Zambia, Uganda and Rwanda were followed prospectively and received couples counseling and condoms. HIV uninfected partners were tested for HIV at least quarterly and HIV-infected partners received HIV care and referral for ART per national guidelines. Upon diagnosis of incident HIV infection in the previously HIV-uninfected partner, a blood sample was collected from both partners to measure CD4+ T-cells and perform viral linkage. The estimated date of infection (EDI) of the incident case was calculated based on testing history. EDI was unknown for suspected transmitting partners.Results
From 2006–2011, 4,705 HIV-discordant couples were enrolled in this cohort, and 443 cases of incident HIV infection were documented. Virus linkage analysis was performed in 374 transmission pairs, and 273 (73%) transmissions were linked genetically. CD4 counts in the transmitting partner were measured a median of 56 days after EDI (mean:90.5, min:10, max:396). The median CD4 count was 339 cells/μl (mean:386.4, min:15, max:1,434), and the proportion of partners with a CD4+ T-cell count above 500/μl was 25% (95% CI:21, 31).Conclusions
In our cohort of discordant couples, 73% of HIV transmissions occurred within the relationship, and the transmitter CD4+ T cell count shortly after the transmission event was frequently higher than the WHO 2013 ART-initiation guidelines. 相似文献8.
Kheradmand K Kamali K Fathipour Y Goltapeh EM Ueckermann EA 《Journal of economic entomology》2007,100(4):1098-1103
The free-living mite species Sancassania rodionovi (Zachvatkin) (Acari: Acaridae), is a serious pest of mushrooms in Iran. Studies were conducted to examine the development of this mite in relation to temperature on two mushroom species: Agaricus bisporus Lange (button mushroom) and Pleurotus ostreatus Kummer (oyster mushroom). The developmental time of this acarid mite was studied at eight constant temperatures, ranging from 5 to 40 degrees C, and developmental rates were modeled as a function of temperature. Sancassania rodionovi completed immature development in 17.35 +/- 0.58 and 20.17 +/- 0.88 d at 25 degrees C on button and oyster mushrooms, respectively. When the mite fed on button mushroom, the rate of development increased gradually from 10 to 35 degrees C. Using a linear model, the developmental zero was estimated to be 3.50 degrees C with a thermal constant of 357.14 degree-days. The Logan 10, Briere 1, and Thermodynamic models adequately described the data for this mite and yielded R2 values >0.95; these models provided estimates of optimum temperature for development of 33.244, 32.145, and 32.148 degrees C, respectively. Understanding the influence of temperature on development of S. rodionovi is discussed with respect to pest management in mushroom production. 相似文献
9.
Ruzagira E Wandiembe S Abaasa A Bwanika AN Bahemuka U Amornkul P Price MA Grosskurth H Kamali A 《PloS one》2011,6(8):e24037
Objectives
To determine the incidence of and risk factors for HIV acquisition in a cohort of HIV-uninfected partners from HIV discordant couples in Masaka, Uganda, and to establish its suitability for HIV vaccine trials.Methods
HIV-uninfected adults living in HIV discordant couple relationships were enrolled and followed for 2 years. Interviews, medical investigations, HIV counseling and testing, syphilis and urine pregnancy (women) tests were performed at quarterly visits. Sexual risk behaviour data were collected every 6 months.Results
495 participants were enrolled, of whom 34 seroconverted during 786.6 person-years of observation (PYO). The overall HIV incidence rate [95% confidence interval (CI)] was 4.3 [3.1–6]; and 4.3 [2.8–6.4] and 4.4 [2.5–8] per 100 PYO in men and women respectively. Independent baseline predictors for HIV acquisition were young age [18–24 (aRR = 4.1, 95% CI 1.6–10.8) and 25–34 (aRR = 2.7, 95% CI 1.2–5.8) years]; alcohol use (aRR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.1–6); and reported genital discharge (aRR = 3.4, 95% CI 1.6–7.2) in the past year. Condom use frequency in the year preceding enrolment was predictive of a reduced risk of HIV acquisition [sometimes (aRR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.8); always (aRR = 0.1, 95% CI 0.02–0.9)]. In the follow-up risk analysis, young age [18–24 (aRR = 6.2, 95% CI 2.2–17.3) and 25-34 (aRR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.1–5.0) years], reported genital discharge (aRR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.1–5.5), serological syphilis (aRR 3.2, 95% CI 1.3–7.7) and the partner being ART naïve (aRR = 4.8, 95% CI 1.4–16.0) were independently associated with HIV acquisition. There were no seroconversions among participants who reported consistent condom use during the study.Conclusions
The study has identified important risk factors for HIV acquisition among HIV discordant couples. HIV-uninfected partners in discordant couples may be a suitable population for HIV vaccine efficacy trials. However, recent confirmation that ART reduces heterosexual HIV transmission may make it unfeasible to conduct HIV prevention trials in this population. 相似文献10.
A kinetic model of the cytochrome bf complex was developed on the assumption that the Q-cycle operates. The bf complex was considered as a membrane enzyme catalyzing the electron transfer from plastoquinol to plastocyanine, which is coupled with proton translocation from the chloroplast stroma to the thylakoid lumen. The dependence of the electron transfer rates on the value of the transmembrane electric potential was taken into account. The model was applied to describe the experimental data on the flash-induced turnover of cytochromes b, plastocyanine, and the kinetics of proton deposition in the thylakoid lumen. The estimation of model parameters was performed. 相似文献