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Kamalaporn Phumpradab Shabbir H. Gheewala Masayuki Sagisaka 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2009,14(4):354-363
Background, aim, and scope The main primary energy for electricity in Thailand is natural gas, accounting for 73% of the grid mix. Electricity generation
from natural gas combustion is associated with substantial air emissions. The two technologies currently used in Thailand,
thermal and combined cycle power plant, have been evaluated for the potential environmental impacts in a “cradle-to-grid”
study according to the life cycle assessment (LCA) method. This study evaluates the environmental impacts of each process
of the natural gas power production over the entire life cycle and compares two different power plant technologies currently
used in Thailand, namely, combined cycle and thermal.
Materials and methods LCA is used as a tool for the assessment of resource consumption and associated impacts generated from utilization of natural
gas in power production. The details follow the methodology outlined in ISO 14040. The scope of this research includes natural
gas extraction, natural gas separation, natural gas transmission, and natural gas power production. Most of the inventory
data have been collected from Thailand, except for the upstream of fuel oil and fuel transmission, which have been computed
from Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation version 1.7 and Global Emission Model for Integrated
Systems version 4.3. The impact categories considered are global warming, acidification, photochemical ozone formation, and
nutrient enrichment potential (NEP).
Results The comparison reveals that the combined cycle power plant, which has a higher efficiency, performs better than the thermal
power plant for global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (ACP), and photochemical ozone formation potential
(POCP), but not for NEP where the thermal power plant is preferable.
Discussion For the thermal power plant, the most significant environmental impacts are from power production followed by upstream of
fuel oil, natural gas extraction, separation, and transportation. For the combined cycle power plant, the most significant
environmental impacts are from power production followed by natural gas extraction, separation, and transportation. The significant
difference between the two types of power production is mainly from the combustion process and feedstock in power plant.
Conclusions The thermal power plant uses a mix of natural gas (56% by energy content) and fuel oil (44% by energy content); whereas, the
combined cycle power plant operates primarily on natural gas. The largest contribution to GWP, ACP, and NEP is from power
production for both thermal as well as combined cycle power plants. The POCP for the thermal power plant is also from power
production; whereas, for combined cycle power plant, it is mainly from transmission of natural gas.
Recommendations and perspectives In this research, we have examined the environmental impact of electricity generation technology between thermal and combined
cycle natural gas power plants. This is the overview of the whole life cycle of natural gas power plant, which will help in
decision making. The results of this study will be useful for future power plants as natural gas is the major feedstock being
promoted in Thailand for power production. Also, these results will be used in further research for comparison with other
feedstocks and power production technologies. 相似文献
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Gerhard Wiegleb Udo Bröring Gyewoon Choi Hans-Uwe Dahms Kamalaporn Kanongdate Chan-Woo Byeon Lian Guey Ler 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2013,22(9):1931-1948
Ecological restoration has become a major issue in environmental management. To overcome the backward orientation of the restoration concept (focusing on reference states and natural ecosystems) the introduction of a precautionary principle is proposed. The principle has been developed for decision-making under high uncertainty about the probability and severity of an environmental damage. Meanwhile, it has been accepted in many countries of the world as a guiding principle for environmental legislation. Likewise it is the basis for international conventions aiming at the conservation of biodiversity. Nevertheless, biodiversity is still neglected in large reclamation projects. Several links between precaution and restoration are described. Restoration can be used to prevent future damage. Otherwise restoration is plagued by uncertainty about the outcome of the measures and may have negative effects or even fail. An analysis of common evaluation methods of restoration projects shows that most approaches focus on comparison of restoration results with a reference state, and are thus useless in a precautionary context. Other methods (e.g. comparing restored with unrestored sites) require data gathered by long-term observation (monitoring) of socio-economically defined desired states (Leitbild). Two large-scale restoration projects are analyzed, coastal land reclamation in Korea and open cast mining reclamation in Germany. Both projects had or have honorific aims and are legally admissible. However, they violate both international law based on precaution and simple rules of prudence or wise use. Costly post hoc ‘restoration’ measures are the usual consequence. 相似文献
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