Reaction of neurons of the basolateral group of nuclei of the amygdaloid complex to gonadectomy in the rat

By means of the karyometry method 26 zones in the basolateral group of the amygdaloid complex (AC) nuclei in rats have been studied 1 month after castration. All the main parameters characterizing distribution of the neuronal nuclei volume logs in the zones studied have been calculated. In males two regions have been revealed, in which certain reaction of the cellular neuronal nuclei to the experimentally produced deficit of sex hormones in the organism is felt. One of them is situated in the AC anterior part and includes all the nuclei of the basolateral group, the second is situated in the posterior part, occupies a rather vast area and is formed at the expense of all the nuclei of the basolateral group and adjoining structures (the dorsal endopiriform nucleus and piriform cortex). In females there is one region responding to gonadectomy, which is mainly formed at the expense of central and posterior parts of the basolateral nucleus. Basing on the lack of the structural-functional uniqueness revealed in different parts of the cortico-medial and basolateral groups of the AC nuclei, it is suggested to distinguish anterior, central and posterior parts in their composition.     

The central nucleus of the amygdala: cytoarchitechtonics, neuronal organization, and histophysiology

Neurologists' attention is attracted by amygdala's central nucleus which takes part in formation of stress response and adaptive behaviour in animals. The data on cytoarchitectonics, neuronal organization and histophysiology of this important centre are based on current knowledge of its subnuclear organization.     

Structural organization of amygdaloid brain complex of the rat

Amygdala belong to the system of basal nuclei of telencephalon. Amygdala are a complicated structure based on both principles of grey matter organization: nuclear and screen-type, on its territory. Authors investigate into the structure of Amygdala using theory of Zavarzin A. As the result of this study, a classification of components of Amygdala into nuclei, paleocortical and intermediate formations, has been developed.     

The piriform cortex and the cortical nucleus of the amygdala in epileptogenesis--the role of the rostrocaudal gradient

The seizure susceptibility of amygdaloid complex in rat was investigated. In piriform cortex and cortical nucleus of amygdaloid complex the structural and electrophysiological rostro-caudal differences were found (using relative spectral densities EEG, seizure thresholds, electrical kindling rate). The fundamental dependence of severity of motor seizures from structural (nuclear or cortical) organization of stimulating area was shown. There were more of limbic stages while stimulating anterior and posterior cortical nuclei, and there were more generalized stages while stimulating piriform and periamygdaloid cortex. Using the model of electrical kindling anticonvulsant effects of Sacricin were demonstrated. Sacricin is one of the compounds of polycarbonic acid. Sacricin has fully coped the process of secondary generalization of epileptic seizures.     

Sex steroids and monoamines in the system of neuroendocrine regulation of amygdala functions

The aim of this review is a review of literature data, which characterize participation of monoamines brain systems and sex steroids in regulation (modulation) of the amygdalas' functions. Shown were characteristic noradrenergic, dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems and their representation in amygdala. Effect ofnoradrenaline, dopamine and serotonine on neurons of Amygdala was shown realized from appropriate cell receptors under modulated influence of sex steroids. Combined participation of monoamines and sex steroids occur in regulation of activity in cyclic centre of secretion and releasing of gonadotropins, constituted a base of forming adaptive (sexual, food and aggressive-defensive) behaviour, including stress reaction. The presented data could be used for understanding influence of gender factor on personality characteristics of humans, cognitive abilities and behavioural reactions, and also in application to development of optimal medicinal treatment of psychoneurological diseases.     

Ultrastructural characteristics of the reticular thalamic nucleus neurons in WAG/Rij rats

The aim of this study was to investigate the ultrastructure of the reticular thalamic nucleus (RTN) in rats of WAG/Rij strain, an established model for human absence epilepsy. Most RTN neurons are medium-to large-sized and have either dark or light appearance, depending on their functional state. Moreover, small-sized neurons with short axons are present, their characteristics being described for the first time.     

Neonatal androgenization of female rats during sex differentiation of the brain modifies neuronal organization of the amygdala complex

Sex differences in neuron dendroarchitectonics of the amygdala posterior cortical nucleus of adult rats were described for the first time using the Golgi method. Long-axon sparse-branched neurons in male rats possessed a larger number of primary dendrites, while female rats had long-axon dense-branched neurons with longer dendrites. Injection of testosterone propionate at 1250 g to females on day 5 after birth resulted in a greater number of primary dendrites of long-axon sparse branched neurons in adults, as compared to that in the control. Dendrites of long-axon sparse-branched neurons became much longer, thus enlarging the dendrite area.     

Role of soil type and macrosymbiont genotype in aftereffect of biological nitrogen

Aftereffect of biological nitrogen produced by different plant genotypes was studied in gray forest and chernozem meadow soils. High efficiency was established for availability of fixed nitrogen by oats after super nodular form of peas. In the second year of aftereffect, the yield gain with regard to the breed amounted to 11 and 49% on gray forest and chernozem meadow soils, respectively.     

Metabolic changes in wheat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum aestivum</Emphasis> L.) plants under action of bioregulator stifun

Under action of growth-stimulating concentrations of bioregulator stifun on wheat plants, an increase of functional activity of nucleoli of meristematic cells; contents of lectin (wheat germ agglutinin); and activity of proteinases, tripsin inhibitors, and ATPase activity was established. The pool of free amino acids was increased under bioregulator use. Levels of methionine, phenylalanine, cysteine, lysine, leucine and tyrosine were increased. It is likely that stifun could activate protein biosynthesis in wheat plants.     

Zones of sexual dimorphism in the cortico-medial group of nuclei of the amygdaloid complex

With the aim to reveal sex demorphic zones by means of caryometry, 22 zones of the cortico-medial group of the amygdaloid complex (AC) nuclei have been investigated in rats (15 males and 10 females). Per each zone investigated 200 cellular nuclei are measured. Parameters characterizing distribution of the neuronal nuclei volumes in the zones studied are calculated, influence of the sex factor on the nuclear size are revealed by means of variance analysis. Basing on the results of the investigation, a complete idea on topography of the sex demorphic zones in the territory of the cortico-medial group of the AC nuclei is given. These zones are predominantly localized in the anterior and posterior parts of the AC, situating mainly in the rostral and caudal areas of the medial and cortical nuclei. The results demonstrate existence of the rostro-caudal gradient in the structural-functional organization of the cortico-medial group of the AC nuclei and prove that before suggested division of the AC into anterior, central and posterior parts is correct. It is possible to suppose that the cause of accumulated and still accumulating in the literature contradictions on functional differentiation of the AC is lack of registration of sex differences and of the rostro-caudal gradient in organization of this cerebral formation.