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Xiulian Chi Zhiyao Tang Zongqiang Xie Qiang Guo Mi Zhang Jielin Ge Gaoming Xiong Jingyun Fang 《Ecology and evolution》2015,5(22):5149-5161
Successful growth of a tree is the result of combined effects of biotic and abiotic factors. It is important to understand how biotic and abiotic factors affect changes in forest structure and dynamics under environmental fluctuations. In this study, we explored the effects of initial size [diameter at breast height (DBH)], neighborhood competition, and site condition on tree growth, based on a 3‐year monitoring of tree growth rate in a permanent plot (120 × 80 m) of montane Fagus engleriana–Cyclobalanopsis multiervis mixed forest on Mt. Shennongjia, China. We measured DBH increments every 6 months from October 2011 to October 2014 by field‐made dendrometers and calculated the mean annual growth rate over the 3 years for each individual tree. We also measured and calculated twelve soil properties and five topographic variables for 384 grids of 5 × 5 m. We defined two distance‐dependent neighborhood competition indices with and without considerations of phylogenetic relatedness between trees and tested for significant differences in growth rates among functional groups. On average, trees in this mixed montane forest grew 0.07 cm year?1 in DBH. Deciduous, canopy, and early‐successional species grew faster than evergreen, small‐statured, and late‐successional species, respectively. Growth rates increased with initial DBH, but were not significantly related to neighborhood competition and site condition for overall trees. Phylogenetic relatedness between trees did not influence the neighborhood competition. Different factors were found to influence tree growth rates of different functional groups: Initial DBH was the dominant factor for all tree groups; neighborhood competition within 5 m radius decreased growth rates of evergreen trees; and site condition tended to be more related to growth rates of fast‐growing trees (deciduous, canopy, pioneer, and early‐successional species) than the slow‐growing trees (evergreen, understory, and late‐successional species). 相似文献
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Plant and Soil - To assess the direction and strength of climate and leaf litter trait effects on decomposition dynamics throughout the litter decomposition process. We performed a three-year-long... 相似文献
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Background
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1A (eIF1A) is universally conserved in all organisms. It has multiple functions in translation initiation, including assembly of the ribosomal pre-initiation complexes, mRNA binding, scanning, and ribosomal subunit joining. eIF1A binds directly to the small ribosomal subunit, as well as to several other translation initiation factors. The structure of an eIF1A homolog, the eIF1A domain-containing protein (eIF1AD) was recently determined but its biological functions are unknown. Since eIF1AD has a known structure, as well as a homolog, whose structure and functions have been extensively studied, it is a very attractive target for sequence and structure analysis.Results
Structure/sequence analysis of eIF1AD found significant conservation in the surfaces corresponding to the ribosome-binding surfaces of its paralog eIF1A, including a nearly invariant surface-exposed tryptophan residue, which plays an important role in the interaction of eIF1A with the ribosome. These results indicate that eIF1AD may bind to the ribosome, similar to its paralog eIF1A, and could have roles in ribosome biogenenesis or regulation of translation. We identified conserved surfaces and sequence motifs in the folded domain as well as the C-terminal tail of eIF1AD, which are likely protein-protein interaction sites. The roles of these regions for eIF1AD function remain to be determined. We have also identified a set of trypanosomatid-specific surface determinants in eIF1A that could be a promising target for development of treatments against these parasites.Conclusions
The results described here identify regions in eIF1A and eIF1AD that are likely to play major functional roles and are promising therapeutic targets. Our findings and hypotheses will promote new research and help elucidate the functions of eIF1AD.7.
Orientation Regulation of Phenylethylammonium Cation Based 2D Perovskite Solar Cell with Efficiency Higher Than 11% 下载免费PDF全文
Xinqian Zhang Gang Wu Weifei Fu Minchao Qin Weitao Yang Jielin Yan Zhongqiang Zhang Xinhui Lu Hongzheng Chen 《Liver Transplantation》2018,8(14)
Increasing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the two‐dimensional (2D) perovskite‐based solar cells (PVSCs) is really a challenge. Vertical orientation of the 2D perovskite film is an efficient strategy to elevate the PCE. In this work, vertically orientated highly crystalline 2D (PEA)2(MA)n–1PbnI3n+1 (PEA= phenylethylammonium, MA = methylammonium, n = 3, 4, 5) films are fabricated with the assistance of an ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) additive by a one‐step spin‐coating method. Planar‐structured PVSCs with the device structure of indium tin oxide (ITO)/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)/(PEA)2(MA)n–1PbnI3n+1/[6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester/bahocuproine/Ag are fabricated. The PCE of the PVSCs is boosted from the original 0.56% (without NH4SCN) to 11.01% with the optimized NH4SCN addition at n = 5, which is among the highest PCE values for the low‐n (n < 10) 2D perovskite‐based PVSCs. The improved performance is attributed to the vertically orientated highly crystalline 2D perovskite thin films as well as the balanced electron/hole transportation. The humidity stability of this oriented 2D perovskite thin film is also confirmed by the almost unchanged X‐ray diffraction patterns after 28 d exposed to the moisture in a humidity‐controlled cabinet (Hr = 55 ± 5%). The unsealed device retains 78.5% of its original PCE after 160 h storage in air atmosphere with humidity of 55 ± 5%. The results provide an effective approach toward a highly efficient and stable PVSC for future commercialization. 相似文献
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Jielin Xu Eunnyung Bae Qinghong Zhang Douglas S. Annis Harold P. Erickson Deane F. Mosher 《PloS one》2009,4(1)
Background
Fibronectin-null cells assemble soluble fibronectin shortly after adherence to a substrate coated with intact fibronectin but not when adherent to the cell-binding domain of fibronectin (modules 7F3-10F3). Interactions of adherent cells with regions of adsorbed fibronectin other than modules 7F3-10F3, therefore, are required for early display of the cell surface sites that initiate and direct fibronectin assembly.Methodology/Principal Findings
To identify these regions, coatings of proteolytically derived or recombinant pieces of fibronectin containing modules in addition to 7F3-10F3 were tested for effects on fibronectin assembly by adherent fibronectin-null fibroblasts. Pieces as large as one comprising modules 2F3-14F3, which include the heparin-binding and cell adhesion domains, were not effective in supporting fibronectin assembly. Addition of module 1F3 or the C-terminal modules to modules 2F3-14F3 resulted in some activity, and addition of both 1F3 and the C-terminal modules resulted in a construct, 1F3-C, that best mimicked the activity of a coating of intact fibronectin. Constructs 1F3-C V0, 1F3-C V64, and 1F3-C Δ(V15F310F1) were all able to support fibronectin assembly, suggesting that 1F3 through 11F1 and/or 12F1 were important for activity. Coatings in which the active parts of 1F3-C were present in different proteins were much less active than intact 1F3-C.Conclusions
These results suggest that 1F3 acts together with C-terminal modules to induce display of fibronectin assembly sites on adherent cells. 相似文献10.