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The resistance of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to droughtstress was increased when plants, grown under a 9 h light period,received a 30 min far red (FR) illumination at the beginningof the dark period. With the addition of FR light, the plantsdisplayed higher stomatal resistance and lower rate of transpiration.Therefore, with the addition of FR, the plants remained at higherleaf turgor potential during the period of drought stress whencompared to plants stressed without the FR illumination. ThusFR illumination improved the water economy of the plants. (Received April 20, 1982; Accepted August 30, 1982) 相似文献
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Effects of the Phosphatase Inhibitors Calyculin A and Okadaic Acid on Acetylcholine Synthesis and Content of Rat Hippocampal Formation 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Abstract: The biochemical mechanisms involved in the regulation of acetylcholine (ACh) turnover are poorly understood. In the experiments reported here, we examined whether inhibition of the serine/threonine phosphatases 1 and 2A by calyculin A or okadaic acid alters ACh synthesis by rat hippocampal preparations. With hippocampal slices, calyculin A (50 n M ) and okadaic acid (50 n M ) reduced significantly ( p < 0.01) the synthesis of [3 H]ACh from [3 H]choline. Both calyculin A and okadaic acid produced significant depletion of endogenous tissue ACh in a concentration-dependent manner ( p < 0.01). This depletion was not the result of a drug-induced increase of spontaneous ACh release, which was not changed significantly ( p > 0.7) by either drug. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity from tissue exposed to calyculin A or okadaic acid was reduced in a concentration-dependent manner ( p < 0.05), but these phosphatase inhibitors did not act directly on ChAT in vitro; i.e., enzymatic activity was not altered significantly ( p > 0.4) in the presence of calyculin A or okadaic acid. Both high-affinity and low-affinity [3 H]choline uptake by hippocampal synaptosomes were reduced significantly in a concentration-dependent manner in the presence of calyculin A or okadaic acid; these agents reduced V max values for high- and low-affinity choline uptake ( p < 0.01) with no significant change in K m values ( p > 0.1), indicating a noncompetitive inhibition. Taken together, these data suggest that phosphatase activity plays a role in presynaptic central cholinergic nerve terminal function, in particular in the modulation of ACh synthesis. 相似文献
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Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) is a tropical insect (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) that develops in Vigna unguiculata (Walp) seeds. In this beetle, there are two distinct adult forms that differ in their morphology, physiology and behaviour, the flight form and the flightless form. The development of C. maculatus is analyzed in a traditional store in Niger. During the dry season, 6 to 7 generations of the flightless form develop in the store. When the atmospheric water content increases during the rainy season, adults of the flight form appear and escape from the store. Experimental studies have shown that the adult polymorphism is induced during post-embryonic development and depends on prevailing abiotic factors during this period. The proportion of flight from adults is high when larvae develop in moist seeds (14–15% of water content). Under dry conditions (6–7% of water content) only flightless adult forms emerge from the seeds. Temperatures during development also influence adult polymorphism. In thermoperiodic conditions with 12–13% seed water content, the proportion of flight from adults increases with increasing duration of the thermophase. However, at low temperatures, a high proportion of flightless adult forms emerge, regardless of seed water content. The adaptive importance of these two abiotic factors on polymorphism induction is examined in this study.
Résumé Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) est un Coléoptère Bruchidae tropical qui se développe aux dépens des graines de Vigna unguiculata. Les adultes présentent un polymorphisme; il y a en effet deux formes, la forme voilière et la forme non voilière, distinctes par des critères morphologiques, physiologiques et comportementaux. L'évolution des populations de C. maculatus a été suivie pendant toute la saison sèche et le début de la saison des pluies dans la région de Niamey au Niger (13° LN) à l'intérieur d'un grenier traditionnel. Pendant toute la saison sèche, 6 à 7 générations de C. maculatus de la forme non voilière se succèdent à l'intérieur du grenier. Les adultes de la forme voilière, très actifs, apparaissent surtout au cours de la saison des pluies lorsque la teneur en eau de l'atmosphère et la teneur en eau des graines augmentent. Les études expérimentales réalisées au laboratoire montrent que le polymorphisme imaginal est induit au cours du développement post-embryonnaire et dépend des conditions climatiques dans lesquelles celui-ci a lieu. Le taux d'adultes de la forme voilière est élevé lorsque les larves se développent dans des graines à forte teneur en eau (14 ou 15%). Lorsque la teneur en eau des graines est faible (6 à 7%), il n'y a émergence que d'adultes de la forme non voilière. Lorsque la teneur en eau des graines est comprise entre 12 et 13%, le taux d'adultes de la forme voilière s'accroit et varie avec la durée de la thermophase. A basse température il y a toujours émergence d'adultes de la forme non voilière, quelle que soit la teneur en eau des graines. L'influence de ces deux facteurs abiotiques sur l'induction du polymorphisme imaginal joue probablement un rôle important dans les mécanismes adaptatifs permettant le maintien de cette espèce en zone tropicale.相似文献
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Alphonse Ouédraogo Alfred B. Tiono Désiré Kargougou Jean Baptiste Yaro Esperance Ouédraogo Youssouf Kaboré David Kangoye Edith C. Bougouma Adama Gansane Noelie Henri Amidou Diarra Souleymane Sanon Issiaka Soulama Amadou T. Konate Nora L. Watson Valerie Brown Jenny Hendriks Maria Grazia Pau Isabella Versteege Edison Wiesken Jerald Sadoff Issa Nebie Sodiomon B. Sirima 《PloS one》2013,8(11)
Background
Ad35.CS.01 is a pre-erythrocytic malaria candidate vaccine. It is a codon optimized nucleotide sequence representing the P. falciparum circumsporozoite (CS) surface antigen inserted in a replication deficient Adenovirus 35 backbone. A Phase 1a trial has been conducted in the USA in naïve adults and showed that the vaccine was safe. The aim of this study is to assess the safety and immunogenicity of ascending dosages in sub Saharan Africa.Methods
A double blind, randomized, controlled, dose escalation, phase Ib trial was conducted in a rural area of Balonghin, the Saponé health district (Burkina Faso). Forty-eight healthy adults aged 18-45 years were randomized into 4 cohorts of 12 to receive three vaccine doses (day 0, 28 and 84) of 109, 1010, 5X1010, 1011 vp of Ad35.CS.01 or normal saline by intra muscular injection. Subjects were monitored carefully during the 14 days following each vaccination for non serious adverse events. Severe and serious adverse events were collected throughout the participant study duration (12 months from the first vaccination). Humoral and cellular immune responses were measured on study days 0, 28, 56, 84, 112 and 140.Results
Of the forty-eight subjects enrolled, forty-four (91.7%) received all three scheduled vaccine doses. Local reactions, all of mild severity, occurred in thirteen (27.1%) subjects. Severe (grade 3) laboratory abnormalities occurred in five (10.4%) subjects. One serious adverse event was reported and attributed to infection judged unrelated to vaccine. The vaccine induced both antibody titers and CD8 T cells producing IFNγ and TNFα with specificity to CS while eliciting modest neutralizing antibody responses against Ad35.Conclusion
Study vaccine Ad35.CS.01 at four different dose levels was well-tolerated and modestly immunogenic in this population. These results suggest that Ad35.CS.01 should be further investigated for preliminary efficacy in human challenge models and as part of heterologous prime-boost vaccination strategies.Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01018459 http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01018459 相似文献8.
Silvia M. Ayub-Ferreira Sandrigo Mangini Victor S. Issa Fátima D. Cruz Fernando Bacal Guilherme V. Guimar?es Paulo R. Chizzola Germano E. Concei??o-Souza Fabiana G. Marcondes-Braga Edimar A. Bocchi 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2013,7(4)
Background
Sudden death has been considered the main cause of death in patients with Chagas heart disease. Nevertheless, this information comes from a period before the introduction of drugs that changed the natural history of heart failure. We sought to study the mode of death of patients with heart failure caused by Chagas heart disease, comparing with non-Chagas cardiomyopathy.Methods and results
We examined the REMADHE trial and grouped patients according to etiology (Chagas vs non-Chagas) and mode of death. The primary end-point was all-cause, heart failure and sudden death mortality; 342 patients were analyzed and 185 (54.1%) died. Death occurred in 56.4% Chagas patients and 53.7% non-Chagas patients. The cumulative incidence of all-cause mortality and heart failure mortality was significantly higher in Chagas patients compared to non-Chagas. There was no difference in the cumulative incidence of sudden death mortality between the two groups. In the Cox regression model, Chagas etiology (HR 2.76; CI 1.34–5.69; p = 0.006), LVEDD (left ventricular end diastolic diameter) (HR 1.07; CI 1.04–1.10; p<0.001), creatinine clearance (HR 0.98; CI 0.97–0.99; p = 0.006) and use of amiodarone (HR 3.05; CI 1.47–6.34; p = 0.003) were independently associated with heart failure mortality. LVEDD (HR 1.04; CI 1.01–1.07; p = 0.005) and use of beta-blocker (HR 0.52; CI 0.34–0.94; p = 0.014) were independently associated with sudden death mortality.Conclusions
In severe Chagas heart disease, progressive heart failure is the most important mode of death. These data challenge the current understanding of Chagas heart disease and may have implications in the selection of treatment choices, considering the mode of death.Trial Registration
ClinicalTrails.gov (REMADHE) NCT00505050相似文献9.
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Yves Martin-Prevel Pauline Allemand Laetitia Nikiema Kossiwavi A. Ayassou Henri Gautier Ouedraogo Mourad Moursi Fabiana F. De Moura 《PloS one》2016,11(3)