Current aspects of the short-term prognosis of meningococcal infection morbidity for the sake of epidemiological surveillance

The short-term prognosis of the epidemic situation requires the establishment of the system of constant surveillance, which takes into account the data on morbidity rates for several years, both total and in various age groups, the data on the morbidity level and its changes, induced by meningococci of the epidemic group, in the IV quarter of the year, the data on the level of carriership among the indicator groups of the population in this period, as well as the data on changes in antibody titers in the sera of donor blood samples taken in summer and in December.     

Modelling of the epidemic process of suppurative septic infections using a Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophage

The method for modeling the epidemic process of pyoseptic infections with the use of P. aeruginosa bacteriophage is proposed. The application of this method in urological and traumatological wards has made it possible to confirm the role of patients as the sources of infection and the part played by instruments and the hands of the medical personnel in its transfer.     

Emergence of the integron-positive multi-drug resistant strain of Acinetobacter baumanii in Russian hospitals

AIM: To detect the integron-positive strains among nosocomial Acinetobacter spp. and to determine their relationship on the genotype level. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Amplification by polymerase chain reaction using primers specific to sequences of the class 1 and 2 intergrons on the genomic DNA template followed by restriction fragments length polymorphism analysis as well as RAPD-genotyping of the integron-positive strains were performed. RESULTS: Fact of spreading of Acinetobacter baumanii strain containing class 1 integron in medical centers was established. The composition of the integron's gene cassettes was analogous to worldwide (including epidemic) types. CONCLUSION: Molecular genetic analysis of the mobilized structures (integrons) under the standardization of used approaches are suitable for the surveillance for circulation of epidemic strains of nosocomial pathogens.     

Characteristics of sources and means of spread of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in urology wards

Patients with purulent septic infections form the main source of infection in urological departments. The spread of infection from these patients occurs mainly by contact in dressing and cystoscopy rooms. The complex of measures, planned in accordance with the results of diagnosis, makes it possible to decrease morbidity rate in the purulent septic infections of the urinary tract.     

Characteristics of the sources and routes of spread of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in a trauma department

In the study of the epidemic process of P. aeruginosa infection in a traumatological hospital the leading role of patients with hospital septic infections as the sources of infection has been epidemiologically proved. Contamination has been shown to occur mostly in the pus dressing room.     

Epidemiological analysis of the morbidity from suppurative-septic infections in a trauma center and orthopedic hospital

Organizational measures, surgical techniques and surgical activity have proved to affect the morbidity rate of suppurative septic infections. Gram-negative bacilli have been shown to cause suppurative septic infections mostly as the result of superinfection.     

The effect of silver sulfadiazine on Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated in burn units]

The genotype structure and silver sulfadiazine (SDS) resistance of a number of Acinetobacter baumanii strains that circulated for a prolonged period of time in burn UCUs were studied. The most resistant strain (SDS MIC 50 mcg/ml) contained a class 1 integron with the gene of sulfonamides resistance (sul1) in its genome. Possible reasons for selection of the multiple resistance among Acinetobacter spp. in burn units are discussed.     

Some unsolved aspects of the parasitism problem

Various interpretations of the parasitism phenomenon exist. In this work data supporting the ecological understanding of its nature are presented. For parasitic species formed in the process of evolution the host organism has become the habitat (nutrition, multiplication), i.e., the environment, where interactions between the host and parasites are governed by ecological regularities. The consequences of this interactions are different (disease, asymptomatic infection), being secondary they reflect the result of concrete interactions. For this reason parasitism should not be identified in terms of only one consequence of such interaction--the development of pathologic processes.