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1.
Heleń M. Rothnie 《Plant molecular biology》1996,32(1-2):43-61
Our understanding of how the 3 ends of mRNAs are formed in plants is rudimentary compared to what we know about this process in other eukaryotes. The salient features of plant pre-mRNAs that signal cleavage and polyadenylation remain obscure, and the biochemical mechanism is as yet wholly uncharacterised. Nevertheless, despite the lack of universally conserved cis-acting motifs, a common underlying architecture is emerging from functional analyses of plant poly(A) signals, allowing meaningful comparison with components of poly(A) signals in other eukaryotes. A plant poly(A) signal consists of one or more near-upstream elements (NUE), each directing processing at a poly(A) site a short distance downstream of it, and an extensive far-upstream element (FUE) that enhances processing efficiency at all sites. By analogy with other systems, a model for a plant 3-end processing complex can be proposed. Plant poly(A) polymerases have been isolated and partially characterised. These, together with hints that some processing factors are conserved in different organisms, opens promising avenues toward initial characterisation of the trans-acting factors involved in 3-end formation of mRNAs in higher plants. 相似文献
2.
3.
Renu Goel Krishna R Murthy Srinivas M Srikanth Sneha M Pinto Mitali Bhattacharjee Dhanashree S Kelkar Anil K Madugundu Gourav Dey Sujatha S Mohan Venkatarangaiah Krishna TS Keshava Prasad Shukti Chakravarti HC Harsha Akhilesh Pandey 《Clinical proteomics》2013,10(1):9
Background
The ciliary body is the circumferential muscular tissue located just behind the iris in the anterior chamber of the eye. It plays a pivotal role in the production of aqueous humor, maintenance of the lens zonules and accommodation by changing the shape of the crystalline lens. The ciliary body is the major target of drugs against glaucoma as its inhibition leads to a drop in intraocular pressure. A molecular study of the ciliary body could provide a better understanding about the pathophysiological processes that occur in glaucoma. Thus far, no large-scale proteomic investigation has been reported for the human ciliary body.Results
In this study, we have carried out an in-depth LC-MS/MS-based proteomic analysis of normal human ciliary body and have identified 2,815 proteins. We identified a number of proteins that were previously not described in the ciliary body including importin 5 (IPO5), atlastin-2 (ATL2), B-cell receptor associated protein 29 (BCAP29), basigin (BSG), calpain-1 (CAPN1), copine 6 (CPNE6), fibulin 1 (FBLN1) and galectin 1 (LGALS1). We compared the plasma proteome with the ciliary body proteome and found that the large majority of proteins in the ciliary body were also detectable in the plasma while 896 proteins were unique to the ciliary body. We also classified proteins using pathway enrichment analysis and found most of proteins associated with ubiquitin pathway, EIF2 signaling, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.Conclusions
More than 95% of the identified proteins have not been previously described in the ciliary body proteome. This is the largest catalogue of proteins reported thus far in the ciliary body that should provide new insights into our understanding of the factors involved in maintaining the secretion of aqueous humor. The identification of these proteins will aid in understanding various eye diseases of the anterior segment such as glaucoma and presbyopia. 相似文献4.
5.
Trophic Levels and Functional Feeding Groups of Macroinvertebrates in Neotropical Streams 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
Feeding strategies are typical traits reflecting the adaptation of species to environmental conditions. This concept is currently
developed in some water quality systems (e.g. Index of Trophic completeness) and the structure of functional feeding groups
(FFGs) could form part of a unified measure across communities differing in taxonomic composition. However, in South America,
information about the FFG classification of invertebrates in streams is almost absent and existing studies using FFG structure
follows classification from North America. But even taxonomically related species may have different diets in tropical and
temperate areas and therefore, studies about FFG structure in neotropics could be biased. For this reason, we determined diet
composition, trophic level and FFGs, using gut contents analysis and mouthpart observations of 49 macroinvertebrate taxa (mostly
at genus level) from neotropical streams. We observed that practically all macroinvertebrates fed upon fine detritus which
indicates the importance of this food resource in neotropical streams. As the assignment to a single FFG does not accurately
reflect the functional profile of taxa, we transcribed the affinity of taxa to each FFG using fuzzy codes. Finally, we published
the coding of diet composition and FFG of the taxa examined, which could be used in future community analyses of lotic ecosystems
in the Neotropical zone. 相似文献
6.
Sonya B Dumanis Kelly A Chamberlain Yoo Jin Sohn Young Jin Lee Suzanne Y Guénette Toshiharu Suzuki Paul M Mathews Daniel TS Pak G William Rebeck Yoo-hun Suh Hee-Sae Park Hyang-Sook Hoe 《Molecular neurodegeneration》2012,7(1):1-15
Background
Loss-of-function mutations in PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) have been linked to familial Parkinson??s disease, but the underlying pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. We previously reported that loss of PINK1 impairs mitochondrial respiratory activity in mouse brains.Results
In this study, we investigate how loss of PINK1 impairs mitochondrial respiration using cultured primary fibroblasts and neurons. We found that intact mitochondria in PINK1?/? cells recapitulate the respiratory defect in isolated mitochondria from PINK1?/? mouse brains, suggesting that these PINK1?/? cells are a valid experimental system to study the underlying mechanisms. Enzymatic activities of the electron transport system complexes are normal in PINK1?/? cells, but mitochondrial transmembrane potential is reduced. Interestingly, the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) is increased in PINK1?/? cells, and this genotypic difference between PINK1?/? and control cells is eliminated by agonists or inhibitors of the mPTP. Furthermore, inhibition of mPTP opening rescues the defects in transmembrane potential and respiration in PINK1?/? cells. Consistent with our earlier findings in mouse brains, mitochondrial morphology is similar between PINK1?/? and wild-type cells, indicating that the observed mitochondrial functional defects are not due to morphological changes. Following FCCP treatment, calcium increases in the cytosol are higher in PINK1?/? compared to wild-type cells, suggesting that intra-mitochondrial calcium concentration is higher in the absence of PINK1.Conclusions
Our findings show that loss of PINK1 causes selective increases in mPTP opening and mitochondrial calcium, and that the excessive mPTP opening may underlie the mitochondrial functional defects observed in PINK1?/? cells. 相似文献7.
8.
Heterotopic tracheal allografts in small rodents have been shown to share many characteristics with the development of obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) in the clinic and therefore provide a suitable animal model for the study of OB. The model facilitates the examination of the pathogenesis of the disease and the elucidation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in its development. The model provides a less technically demanding alternative to whole lung transplantation in small rodents and should lead to a speedier identification of new treatments that might prevent the development of post-transplantation OB in the clinic. 相似文献
9.
David Hele 《Respiratory research》2002,3(1):12
The meeting proved of great interest to those developing an animal model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is caused by cigarette smoking, evidenced by deterioration in lung function. Lung function is only rarely assessed in animal models. A cigarette smoke driven pathology should provide the best in vivo model for COPD. However, as lesions produced this way take 8–12 months to develop other strategies have to be employed. Emphysematous lesions were also achieved by treatment with elastase, lipopolysaccharide, ozone and other inducers. Several studies described treatments that have shown activity in these models. Transgenic models were discussed, as was the importance of species and strain selection. 相似文献
10.
The invasive freshwater snail Tarebia granifera (Lamarck, 1822) was first reported in South Africa in 1999 and it has become widespread across the country, with some evidence to suggest that it reduces benthic macroinvertebrate biodiversity. The current study aimed to identify the primary abiotic drivers behind abundance patterns of T. granifera, by comparing the current abundance of the snail in three different regions, and at three depths, of the highly modified Nseleni River in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Tarebia granifera was well established throughout the Nseleni River system, with an overall preference for shallow waters and seasonal temporal patterns of abundance. Although it is uncertain what the ecological impacts of the snail in this system are, its high abundances suggest that it should be controlled where possible and prevented from invading other systems in the region. 相似文献