基于F3Net显著性目标检测的蝴蝶图像前背景自动分割

【目的】具有复杂背景的蝴蝶图像前背景分割难度大。本研究旨在探索基于深度学习显著性目标检测的蝴蝶图像自动分割方法。【方法】应用DUTS-TR数据集训练F³Net显著性目标检测算法构建前背景预测模型,然后将模型用于具有复杂背景的蝴蝶图像数据集实现蝴蝶前背景自动分割。在此基础上,采用迁移学习方法,保持ResNet骨架不变,利用蝴蝶图像及其前景蒙板数据,使用交叉特征模块、级联反馈解码器和像素感知损失方法重新训练优化模型参数,得到更优的自动分割模型。同时,将其他5种基于深度学习显著性检测算法也用于自动分割,并比较了这些算法和F³Net算法的性能。【结果】所有算法均获得了很好的蝴蝶图像前背景分割效果,其中,F³Net是更优的算法,其7个指标S测度、E测度、F测度、平均绝对误差(MAE)、精度、召回率和平均IoU值分别为0.940, 0.945, 0.938, 0.024, 0.929,0.978和0.909。迁移学习则进一步提升了F³Net的上述指标值,分别为0.961, 0.964, 0.963, 0.013, 0.965, 0.967和0.938。【结论】研究结果证明结合迁移学习的F³Net算法是其中最优的分割方法。本研究提出的方法可用于野外调查中拍摄的昆虫图像的自动分割,并拓展了显著性目标检测方法的应用范围。     

Immunosuppression in human peripheral blood T lymphocytes by fluvastatin

Statins are competitive inhibitors of HMG-CoAreductase, which is the major rate-limiting enzyme thatcontrols the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonic acid[1]. Mevalonate derived intermediates, such as isoprenoid,farnyesylpyrophosphate and geranylpyrophosphate, serveas important lipid attachments for the posttranslationalmodification of a variety of proteins such as small GTP-binding proteins of the Ras and Rho superfamily involvedin intracellular signaling [2]. Therefore, apart from the we…     

多穗金栗兰中一个新的酚苷

从多穗金粟兰(Chloranthus multistachys)全株的甲醇提取物中分离得到1个新的酚苷,通过波谱技术鉴定其结构为丁香酸-4-O-a-L-鼠李吡喃糖苷(1).同时还首次从该植物中分离得到两个已知倍半萜内酯和一个已知木脂素:1β,4β-二羟基-5a,8β-二氢-7(11)Z-桉叶烯-8,12-内酯(2),lβ,4a-二羟基-5a,8β-二氢-7(11)Z-桉叶烯-8,12-内酯(3),(-)-(7S,8R)-dihydrodehydrodiconifery alcohol(4).     

不同温度条件下棕尾别麻蝇的生长发育及其在法医学上的意义

棕尾别麻蝇Boettcherisca peregrine分布很广,也是我国南方地区尸体上较为常见的麻蝇类昆虫.本文探讨温度对重要的尸食性昆虫棕尾别麻蝇生长发育的影响,在15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃五个恒温条件下,实验测得棕尾别麻蝇的发育历期分别为33.2±0.3、21.6±0.3、15.9±0.7、13.8±0.5、11.8±0.2 d;实验结果表明,棕尾别麻蝇发育历期随温度的升高而缩短;其生长的最适温度在25～30℃;35℃时幼虫能够生长,但是不能正常化蛹,化蛹的个体也不能正常羽化;在15～35℃条件下,分别就幼虫的体长、体宽、体重和蛹重与时间的回归分析表明这些指标与时间呈三次曲线关系,回归方程统计检验达到极显著水平(P＜＜0.01).研究结果对死后间隔时间的推断具有一定的法医学意义.     

中国外来入侵植物研究现状及存在的问题

生物入侵是当今各国发展的一大挑战,特别是像中国这样的发展中国家。然而,我们对外来入侵种的本底资料还很不清楚,更缺乏相关的深入调查;对生物入侵所造成的生态和经济影响还没有引起足够的重视,同时也忽视了盲目引种可能带来的各种危害。本文在文献调研的基础上,从外来植物的入侵历史和文化、中国外来入侵植物的调查现状、外来植物入侵对生态安全及经济的影响等方面进行了全面系统的总结,并提出了中国外来入侵植物研究领域存在的问题及应对措施。     

雌激素对干细胞功能的调控及信号转导途径

心血管损伤、神经退行性变及骨代谢紊乱等病理过程存在明显的性别二态性．雌激素在缺血心肌功能恢复过程中发挥重要作用,其一方面调控骨髓问充质干细胞分泌生长激素及易化上皮前体细胞向缺血心肌部位迁移,另一方面还可抑制心肌成纤维细胞生长从而有效地提高了缺血部位血管新生并限制了病理性心肌重构．在神经发育过程中,雌激素能促进胚胎神经干细胞增殖及向特定类型神经元分化,提示雌激素在利用神经干细胞移植治疗某些神经退行性疾病中可能发挥作用．此外,雌激素通过调节成骨前体细胞及破骨细胞的活性来阻止骨质疏松的发生．可见,雌激素通过调控多种干／前体细胞的功能为上述疾病防治提供了新的策略,深入理解雌激素调控各种干／前体细胞功能的信号转导通路将为干细胞临床应用提供更坚实的理论依据．     

Development of SNP markers and haplotype analysis of the candidate gene for rhg1, which confers resistance to soybean cyst nematode in soybean

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is one of the most destructive pests in the cultivation of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) worldwide. Markers based on the SCN resistance gene will enable efficient marker-assisted selection (MAS). We sequenced the candidate gene rhg1 in six resistant and two susceptible soybean genotypes and identified 37 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) among the sequences, of which 11 were in the coding region. Seven of these 11 SNPs led to changes in the amino acid sequence of the gene. The amino acid sequence we obtained differs from the previously published one by a stretch of 26–27 amino acids. Six codominant allele-specific SNP markers based on agarose gel detection were developed and tested in 70 genotypes, among which occurred only nine different haplotypes. Two neutrality tests (Tajima’s D and Fu and Li’s F) were significant for the six SNP loci in the 70 genotypes, which is consistent with intensive directional selection. A strong LD pattern was detected among five SNPs except 2868T > C. Two SNPs (689C > A and 757C > T) formed one haplotype (689C-757C) that was perfectly associated with SCN resistance. The new allele-specific PCR markers located in the alleged sequence of the rhg1 candidate gene, combined with the microsatellite marker BACR-Satt309, will significantly improve the efficiency of MAS during the development of SCN-resistant cultivars.     

Centriolin,a centriole-appendage protein,regulates peripheral spindle migration and asymmetric division in mouse meiotic oocytes

Unlike somatic cells mitosis, germ cell meiosis consists of 2 consecutive rounds of division that segregate homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids, respectively. The meiotic oocyte is characterized by an absence of centrioles and asymmetric division. Centriolin is a relatively novel centriolar protein that functions in mitotic cell cycle progression and cytokinesis. Here, we explored the function of centriolin in meiosis and showed that it is localized to meiotic spindles and concentrated at the spindle poles and midbody during oocyte meiotic maturation. Unexpectedly, knockdown of centriolin in oocytes with either siRNA or Morpholino micro-injection, did not affect meiotic spindle organization, cell cycle progression, or cytokinesis (as indicated by polar body emission), but led to a failure of peripheral meiotic spindle migration, large polar body emission, and 2-cell like oocytes. These data suggest that, unlike in mitotic cells, the centriolar protein centriolin does not regulate cytokinesis, but plays an important role in regulating asymmetric division of meiotic oocytes.