Segregation Distortion of Marker Nuclear Genes in Alloplasmic and Isoplasmic Lines of Barley

Inheritance of barley nuclear genes responsible for various morphological marker traits was studied in hybrid populations F₂ and F_a. Nine marker genes showed deviation from Mendelian monogenic inheritance depending on the cross direction and maternal cytoplasm. Segregation biases to both recessive mutant and dominant normal phenotypes were observed. Mechanisms of the segregation bias related to cytoplasm substitution in iso- and alloplasmic lines are discussed.     

Analysis of the segregation and recombination rates at morphological and SSR loci in hybrid combinations of barley substitution lines

The inheritance of nuclear morphological and molecular markers was studied in hybrid reciprocal populations of barley alloplasmic lines. A number of loci displayed a distortion of the Mendelian inheritance and a decrease in recombination rate depending on the cross direction and cytoplasm of parental forms. The segregations shifted towards both the mutant recessive and normal dominant phenotypes. The effect of cytoplasm on transmission and recombination of nuclear loci was shown.     

Disturbance of Mendelian segregation. Effects of cytoplasmic organelle genomes

Factors disturbing equiprobable transmission of marked alleles in the plant hybridization process are discussed in the review. Nuclear and cytopiasmic genomes interaction of plant cell is considered as the probable cause of the preferred alleles transmission. These alleles determine marked morphological and molecular traits influencing the processes of mutation, recombination, preferred fertilization of gametes with definite gene combinations.     

Analysis of the segregation and recombination rates at morphological and SSR loci in hybrid combinations of barley substitution lines

The inheritance of nuclear morphological and molecular markers was studied in hybrid reciprocal populations of barley alloplasmic lines. A number of loci displayed a distortion of the Mendelian inheritance and a decrease in recombination rate depending on the cross direction and cytoplasm of parental forms. The segregations shifted towards both the mutant recessive and normal dominant phenotypes. The effect of cytoplasm on transmission and recombination of nuclear loci was shown.     

Segregation distortion of marker nuclear genes in alloplasmic and isoplasmic lines of barley

Inheritance of barley nuclear genes responsible for various morphological marker traits was studied in hybrid populations F2 and Fa. Nine marker genes showed deviation from Mendelian monogenic inheritance depending on the cross direction and maternal cytoplasm. Segregation biases to both recessive mutant and dominant normal phenotypes were observed. Mechanisms of the segregation bias related to cytoplasm substitution in iso- and alloplasmic lines are discussed.     

Identification of the barley accessions to serve as donors of thermostable β-amylase alleles

Molecular analysis was performed with 88 barley accessions, including varieties cultivated in Belarus and those obtained from the collection of the All-Russian Institute of Plant Industry (IPI). A marker directed to the single nucleotide substitution (SNP) C⁶⁹⁸ → T of the Bmy1 β-amylase gene showed that the Sd2H and Sd3 alleles were absent from the Belarussian varieties. Five accessions with the Bmy1 alleles determining thermostable isoforms of β-amylase I were identified among the accessions from the IPI collection.