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1.
Gowthami Mahendran Oshadhi T. Jayasinghe Dhanushika Thavakumaran Gayan Mirihana Arachchilage Gayathri N. Silva 《Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports》2022
Precise regulation of gene expression is crucial for living cells to adapt for survival in diverse environmental conditions. Among the common cellular regulatory mechanisms, RNA-based regulators play a key role in all domains of life. Discovery of regulatory RNAs have made a paradigm shift in molecular biology as many regulatory functions of RNA have been identified beyond its canonical roles as messenger, ribosomal and transfer RNA. In the complex regulatory RNA network, riboswitches, small RNAs, and RNA thermometers can be identified as some of the key players. Herein, we review the discovery, mechanism, and potential therapeutic use of these classes of regulatory RNAs mainly found in bacteria. Being highly adaptive organisms that inhabit a broad range of ecological niches, bacteria have adopted tight and rapid-responding gene regulation mechanisms. This review aims to highlight how bacteria utilize versatile RNA structures and sequences to build a sophisticated gene regulation network. 相似文献
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Chang CK Hayes RD Perera G Broadbent MT Fernandes AC Lee WE Hotopf M Stewart R 《PloS one》2011,6(5):e19590
Objective
Despite improving healthcare, the gap in mortality between people with serious mental illness (SMI) and general population persists, especially for younger age groups. The electronic database from a large and comprehensive secondary mental healthcare provider in London was utilized to assess the impact of SMI diagnoses on life expectancy at birth.Method
People who were diagnosed with SMI (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder), substance use disorder, and depressive episode/disorder before the end of 2009 and under active review by the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLAM) in southeast London during 2007–09 comprised the sample, retrieved by the SLAM Case Register Interactive Search (CRIS) system. We estimated life expectancy at birth for people with SMI and each diagnosis, from national mortality returns between 2007–09, using a life table method.Results
A total of 31,719 eligible people, aged 15 years or older, with SMI were analyzed. Among them, 1,370 died during 2007–09. Compared to national figures, all disorders were associated with substantially lower life expectancy: 8.0 to 14.6 life years lost for men and 9.8 to 17.5 life years lost for women. Highest reductions were found for men with schizophrenia (14.6 years lost) and women with schizoaffective disorders (17.5 years lost).Conclusion
The impact of serious mental illness on life expectancy is marked and generally higher than similarly calculated impacts of well-recognised adverse exposures such as smoking, diabetes and obesity. Strategies to identify and prevent causes of premature death are urgently required. 相似文献4.
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Adam Mechler Gayathri Nawaratna Marie-Isabel Aguilar Lisandra L. Martin 《International journal of peptide research and therapeutics》2006,12(3):217-224
Protein electrochemistry offers a direct method to identify and characterize biological electron transfer processes, potentially leading to commercial applications such as biosensors and diagnostic tools. However, establishing a biocompatible electrode interface that maintains the native state of the redox protein involves several challenges. In general, membrane proteins require the presence of a phospholipid bilayer to maintain their biological activity. Synthetic `biomimetic’ membranes are widely used to characterize membrane proteins, however they have seldom been applied to measurements of protein redox activity in electrochemical cells due to their inherent insulating property. In this study we demonstrate the use of the phospholipids: PC, PC/PG and PC/PG/cholesterol membrane mixtures on chemically modified (supported) gold electrode surfaces for direct protein electrochemistry. We compare the electrochemical activity of a relatively small, redox active “test protein”, cytochrome c, in the presence and absence of phospholipid on a gold electrode modified with thiol self assembled monolayers, to explore the effect of chain length and composition of the thiol on the charge coupling. Three thiols were investigated as self assembled monolayers on a gold electrode: octanethiol, mercaptopropionic and mercaptoundecanoic acid. We demonstrate here that the charge transfer efficiency of cytochrome c is better in the presence of the membrane and in addition, a superior redox response is obtained with surfaces modified with a thiol functionalised with a carboxylic acid.On leave from: Research Group on Laser Physics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.Australian Peptide Conference Issue. 相似文献
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Gayan K. Kariyawasam Waseem Hussain Amanda Easterly Mary Guttieri Vikas Belamkar Jesse Poland Jorge Venegas Stephen Baenziger Francois Marais Jack B. Rasmussen Zhaohui Liu 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2018,38(11):140
Tan spot, caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr), is a destructive foliar disease in all types of cultivated wheat worldwide. Genetics of tan spot resistance in wheat is complex, involving insensitivity to fungal-produced necrotrophic effectors (NEs), major resistance genes, and quantitative trait loci (QTL) conferring race-nonspecific and race-specific resistance. The Nebraska hard red winter wheat (HRWW) cultivar ‘Wesley’ is insensitive to Ptr ToxA and highly resistant to multiple Ptr races, but the genetics of resistance in this cultivar is unknown. In this study, we used a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between Wesley and another Nebraska cultivar ‘Harry’ (Ptr ToxA sensitive and highly susceptible) to identify QTL associated with reaction to tan spot caused by multiple races/isolates. Sensitivity to Ptr ToxA conferred by the Tsn1 gene was mapped to chromosome 5B as expected. The Tsn1 locus was a major susceptibility QTL for the race 1 and race 2 isolates, but not for the race 2 isolate with the ToxA gene deleted. A second major susceptibility QTL was identified for all the Ptr ToxC-producing isolates and located to the distal end of the chromosome 1A, which likely corresponds to the Tsc1 locus. Three additional QTL with minor effects were identified on chromosomes 7A, 7B, and 7D. This work indicates that both Ptr ToxA-Tsn1 and Ptr ToxC-Tsc1 interactions are important for tan spot development in winter wheat, and Wesley is highly resistant largely due to the absence of the two tan spot sensitivity genes. 相似文献
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Zhaohui Liu Jason D. Zurn Gayan Kariyawasam Justin D. Faris Gongjun Shi Jana Hansen Jack B. Rasmussen Maricelis Acevedo 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2017,130(6):1267-1276
Key message
Tan spot susceptibility is conferred by multiple interactions of necrotrophic effector and host sensitivity genes.Abstract
Tan spot of wheat, caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, is an important disease in almost all wheat-growing areas of the world. The disease system is known to involve at least three fungal-produced necrotrophic effectors (NEs) that interact with the corresponding host sensitivity (S) genes in an inverse gene-for-gene manner to induce disease. However, it is unknown if the effects of these NE–S gene interactions contribute additively to the development of tan spot. In this work, we conducted disease evaluations using different races and quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis in a wheat recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between two susceptible genotypes, LMPG-6 and PI 626573. The two parental lines each harbored a single known NE sensitivity gene with LMPG-6 having the Ptr ToxC sensitivity gene Tsc1 and PI 626573 having the Ptr ToxA sensitivity gene Tsn1. Transgressive segregation was observed in the population for all races. QTL mapping revealed that both loci (Tsn1 and Tsc1) were significantly associated with susceptibility to race 1 isolates, which produce both Ptr ToxA and Ptr ToxC, and the two genes contributed additively to tan spot susceptibility. For isolates of races 2 and 3, which produce only Ptr ToxA and Ptr ToxC, only Tsn1 and Tsc1 were associated with tan spot susceptibility, respectively. This work clearly demonstrates that tan spot susceptibility in this population is due primarily to two NE–S interactions. Breeders should remove both sensitivity genes from wheat lines to obtain high levels of tan spot resistance.9.
Waldo A. Díaz-Vásquez María J. Abarca-Lagunas Felipe A. Arenas Camilo A. Pinto Fabián A. Cornejo Poorna T. Wansapura Gayan A. Appuhamillage Thomas G. Chasteen Claudio C. Vásquez 《Biometals》2014,27(2):237-246
Tellurite, the most soluble tellurium oxyanion, is extremely harmful for most microorganisms. Part of this toxicity is due to the generation of reactive oxygen species that in turn cause oxidative stress. However, the way in which tellurite interferes with cellular processes is not well understood to date. Looking for new cellular tellurite targets, we decided to evaluate the functioning of the electron transport chain in tellurite-exposed cells. In this communication we show that the E. coli ndh gene, encoding NDH-II dehydrogenase, is significantly induced in toxicant-exposed cells and that the enzyme displays tellurite-reducing activity that results in increased superoxide levels in vitro. 相似文献