全文获取类型
收费全文 | 445篇 |
免费 | 40篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 6篇 |
2019年 | 5篇 |
2018年 | 7篇 |
2016年 | 8篇 |
2015年 | 14篇 |
2014年 | 20篇 |
2013年 | 19篇 |
2012年 | 16篇 |
2011年 | 19篇 |
2010年 | 11篇 |
2009年 | 19篇 |
2008年 | 18篇 |
2007年 | 15篇 |
2006年 | 13篇 |
2005年 | 11篇 |
2004年 | 13篇 |
2003年 | 9篇 |
2002年 | 12篇 |
2001年 | 8篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 12篇 |
1998年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1969年 | 6篇 |
1953年 | 12篇 |
1915年 | 3篇 |
1913年 | 4篇 |
1905年 | 3篇 |
1899年 | 3篇 |
1898年 | 4篇 |
1895年 | 4篇 |
1894年 | 6篇 |
1892年 | 6篇 |
1889年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有485条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Dr. Karl Fritsch 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》1898,48(2):47-49
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
2.
3.
Maintenance of the cellobiose utilization genes of Escherichia coli in a cryptic state 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
The genes for cellobiose utilization are normally cryptic in Escherichia
coli. The cellobiose system was used as a model to understand the process
by which silent genes are maintained in microbial populations. Previously
reported was (1) the isolation of a mutant strain that expresses the
cellobiose-utilization (Cel) genes and (2) that expression of those genes
allows utilization of three beta- glucoside sugars: cellobiose, arbutin,
and salicin. The Cel gene cluster has now been cloned from that mutant
strain. In the course of locating the Cel genes within the cloned DNA
segment, it was discovered that inactivation of the Cel-encoded hydrolase
rendered the host strain sensitive to all three beta-glucosides as potent
inhibitors. This sensitivity arises from the accumulation of the
phosphorylated beta- glucosides. Because even the fully active genes
conferred some degree of beta-glucoside sensitivity, the effects of
cellobiose on a series of five Cel+ mutants of independent origin were
investigated. Although each of those strains utilizes cellobiose as a sole
carbon and energy source, cellobiose also acts as a potent inhibitor that
reduces the growth rate on glycerol 2.5-16.5-fold. On the other hand,
wild-type strains that cannot utilize cellobiose are not inhibited. The
observation that the same compound can serve either as a nutrient or as an
inhibitor suggests that, under most conditions in which cellobiose will be
present together with other resources, there is a strong selective
advantage to having the cryptic (Cel0) allele. In those environments in
which cellobiose is the sole, or the best, resource, mutants that express
the genes (Cel+) will have a strong selective advantage. It is suggested
that temporal alternation between these two conditions is a major factor in
the maintenance of these genes in E. coli populations. This alternation of
environments and fitnesses was predicted by the model for cryptic-gene
maintenance that was previously published.
相似文献
4.
5.
James R. Anderson Catherine Fritsch Bernadette Favre 《Primates; journal of primatology》1990,31(4):611-615
An adult femaleLemur catta and an adult femaleEulemur fulvus were given edible rewards for scratching. Both subjects learned to scratch in order to obtain the rewards, showed diminished
rates of scratching during periods of extinction, and learned to scratch preferentially with one foot when required. TheLemur catta subject was more responsive to the changing experimental conditions than theEulemur fulvus. The conditionability of scratching in primates does not appear to be directly related to the widespread occurrence of scratching
in simian social contexts. 相似文献
6.
Peter Fritsch 《American journal of botany》1996,83(3):342-355
Various hypotheses have been put forward to explain the presence of sclerophyllous plant disjuncts between western North America and the Mediterranean region. The Madrean–Tethyan hypothesis postulates that the two regions were floristically connected in the Early to Middle Tertiary by way of a low-latitude migration route. Others deny the possibility of such a route, and instead postulate convergence to xerophytic conditions from more widespread mesophytic ancestors, or suggest long-distance dispersal scenarios. One example of a “Madrean–Tethyan link” between the two regions is composed of four species within the genus Styrax: S. officinalis subsp. officinalis from the Mediterranean region, S. officinalis subsp. redivivus and subsp. fulvescens from California, and three closely related species in Texas and northeastern Mexico (S. texanus, S. platanifolius, and S. youngiae). This group was examined with isozymes to assess whether patterns of genetic variation are consistent with those predicted by the Madrean–Tethyan hypothesis. Ten populations from California, six from the Mediterranean region, and three from Texas were sampled. Pairwise comparisons revealed mean genetic identity (I) estimates of 0.581 between Mediterranean and California populations, 0.470 between Mediterranean and Texas populations, and 0.640 between California and Texas populations. Two populations of a species thought by many to be the closest relative of S. officinalis on morphological grounds (S. jaliscanus) exhibited low I (0.299–0.321) relative to all other group comparisons. Intercontinentally disjunct populations of S. officinalis possessed an I value that warrants species status for the Californian and Mediterranean groups. Divergence time estimates between Madrean and Tethyan Styrax range from 5.0 to 13.8 Mya, too recent to be consistent with the Madrean–Tethyan hypothesis. However, alternative explanations for this disjunction are suboptimal in that they require the invocation of either long-distance dispersal, which appears unlikely in this group, or extinction. Nonetheless, the evidence presented here and in other recent studies casts substantial doubt on the Madrean–Tethyan hypothesis as a general explanation for the presence of Madrean and Tethyan taxa similar in overall appearance. More plants with Madrean–Tethyan distributions must be sampled before definitive conclusions regarding this aspect of Madrean and Tethyan vegetation can be reached. 相似文献
7.
We show that the voltage-gated K+ and Ca2+ currents of rat osteoblastic cells are strongly modulated by arachidonic acid (AA), and that these modulations are very sensitive to the AA concentration. At 2 or 3 μm, AA reduces the amplitude and accelerates the inactivation of the K+ current activated by depolarization; at higher concentrations (≥5 μm), AA still blocks this K+ current, but also induces a very large noninactivating K+ current. At 2 or 3 μm, AA enhances the T-type Ca2+ current, close to its threshold of activation, whereas at 10 μm, it blocks that current. AA (1–10 μm) also blocks the dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type Ca2+ current. Thus, the effect of AA on Ca2+ entry through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels can change qualitatively with the AA concentration: at 2 or 3 μm, AA will favor Ca2+ entry through T channels, both by lowering the voltage-gated K+ conductance and by increasing the T current, whereas at 10 μm, AA will prevent Ca2+ entry through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, both by inducing a K+ conductance and by blocking Ca2+ channels. 相似文献
8.
9.
The kinetics of formation and the structure of infectious DNA of spleen necrosis virus were determined. Nonintegrated infectious viral DNA first appeared 18 to 24 h after infection of dividing cells and persisted for more than 14 days. The nonintegrated infectious viral DNA was in the form of either a double-stranded linear DNA with a molecular weight of 6 X 10(6), detected in both the cytoplasm and nucleus, or a closed circular DNA of the same molecular weight, detected primarily in the nucleus. Integrated infectious viral DNA appeared soon after the nonintegrated infectious viral DNA and was the predominant form of infectious viral DNA late after infection. Integration of the spleen necrosis virus DNA into the chicken cell genome was demonstrated by three independent criteria. Nucleic acid hybridization indicated that the linear infectious viral DNA had a 5- to 10-fold higher specific infectivity than either the closed circular or integrated infectious viral DNA. Infectious viral DNA did not appear in infected stationary cells, indicating some cellular influence on the formation of infectious viral DNA. 相似文献
10.
B Fritsch D Maretzki C Hiebsch T Schewe S Rapoport 《Acta biologica et medica Germanica》1979,38(9):1315-1321
Whereas the lipoxygenase from rabbit reticulocytes caused a large formation of malonyl dialdehyde (MDA) with rat liver mitochondria, erythrocyte ghosts were attacked only slightly independently of their type of preparation. The formation of MDA was not enhanced by release of spectrin-actin from the ghosts. The lipoxygenase did not give rise to hemolysis of intact erythrocytes. The formation of MDA was increased by heat treatment of the ghosts. Addition of cholesterol to a phospholipid emulsion inhibited the formation of MDA by the reticulocyte lipoxygenase. These results indicate that both lipid-protein interactions and the cholesterol content of the membranes may be involved in the preferential attack of the lipoxygenase on mitochondrial membranes. 相似文献