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1.
Rila Ratovoson Ony Rabarisoa Rasetarinera Ionimalala Andrianantenaina Christophe Rogier Patrice Piola Pierre Pacaud 《PloS one》2015,10(9)
Background
Hypertension is one of the main risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. In Madagascar, studies on hypertension in urban and rural communities are scarce.Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension and identify associated risk factors in adults living in a health and demographic system in Moramanga, Madagascar.Methods
The study included people aged 15 years old and above living in a health and demographic system in Moramanga. A household census was performed in 2012 to enumerate the population in 3 communities in Moramanga. In addition to the questionnaire used in the initial census, a standardized questionnaire and blood pressure were taken twice after 5 and 10 minutes of rest. In urban areas, heights and weights were also measured to calculate the body mass index.Results
There were 3621 and 4010 participants respectively in rural and urban areas. Prevalence of hypertension in rural population was 27.0% (IC95% [25.6–28.5]) and 29.7% (IC95% [28.3–31.1]) in urban population. Among hypertensive subjects, 1.7% (17/979) and 5.3% (64/1191) were on antihypertensive treatment for at least 1 month before the survey in rural and urban population, respectively. In rural areas, increasing age (65 years and older vs 18–25 years OR = 11.81, IC95% [7.79–18.07]), giving more than 3 positive responses to the usual risks factors of hypertension (OR = 1.67, IC95% [1.14–2.42]) and singles in comparison with married people (OR = 1.61, IC95% [1.20–2.17]) were associated to hypertension in a logistic regression model. In urban areas, increasing age (65 years and older vs 18–25 years OR = 37.54, IC95% [24.81–57.92]), more than 3 positive responses to the usual risks of hypertension (OR = 3.47, IC95% [2.58–4.67]) and obesity (OR = 2.45, IC95% [1.56–3.87]) were found as risk factors.Conclusion
Hypertension is highly prevalent in rural areas although it is significantly less treated. As a result, a major epidemic of cardiovascular diseases is at risk in Madagascar’s progressively aging society. 相似文献2.
3.
Herindrainy P Randrianirina F Ratovoson R Ratsima Hariniana E Buisson Y Genel N Decré D Arlet G Talarmin A Richard V 《PloS one》2011,6(7):e22738
Background
Extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producing Enterobacteria (ESBL-PE) emerged at the end of the 1980s, causing nosocomial outbreaks and/or hyperendemic situations in hospitals and long-term care facilities. In recent years, community-acquired infections due to ESBL-PE have spread worldwide, especially across developing countries including Madagascar.Objectives
This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of intestinal carriage of ESBL-PE in the community of Antananarivo.Methods
Non-hospitalized patients were recruited in three health centers in different socio economic settings. Fresh stool collected were immediately plated on Drigalski agar containing 3 mg/liter of ceftriaxone. Gram-negative bacilli species were identified and ESBL production was tested by a double disk diffusion (cefotaxime and ceftazidime +/− clavulanate) assay. Characterization of ESBLs were perfomed by PCR and direct sequencing . Molecular epidemiology was analysed by Rep-PCR and ERIC-PCR.Results
484 patients were screened (sex ratio = 1.03, median age 28 years). 53 ESBL-PE were isolated from 49 patients (carrier rate 10.1%). The isolates included Escherichia coli (31), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14), Enterobacter cloacae (3), Citrobacter freundii (3), Kluyvera spp. (1) and Pantoae sp.(1). In multivariate analysis, only the socioeconomic status of the head of household was independently associated with ESBL-PE carriage, poverty being the predominant risk factor.Conclusions
The prevalence of carriage of ESBL in the community of Antananarivo is one of the highest reported worldwide. This alarming spread of resistance genes should be stopped urgently by improving hygiene and streamlining the distribution and consumption of antibiotics. 相似文献4.
Antiproliferative cardenolide glycosides of Elaeodendron alluaudianum from the Madagascar Rainforest
Yanpeng Hou Shugeng Cao Peggy Brodie Martin Callmander Fidisoa Ratovoson Richard Randrianaivo Etienne Rakotobe Vincent E. Rasamison Stephan Rakotonandrasana Karen TenDyke Edward M. Suh David G.I. Kingston 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2009,17(6):2215-2218
Bioassay-guided fractionation of an ethanol extract of a Madagascar collection of Elaeodendron alluaudianum led to the isolation of two new cardenolide glycosides (1 and 2). The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of both compounds were fully assigned using a combination of 2D NMR experiments, including 1H–1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and ROESY sequences. Both compounds 1 and 2 were tested against the A2780 human ovarian cancer cell line and the U937 human histiocytic lymphoma cell line assays, and showed significant antiproliferative activity with IC50 values of 0.12 and 0.07 μM against the A2780 human ovarian cancer cell line, and 0.15 and 0.08 μM against the U937 human histiocytic lymphoma cell line, respectively. 相似文献
5.
Kerry A. Brown Zach J. Farris Gabriel Yesuf Brian D. Gerber Fidisoa Rasambainarivo Sarah Karpanty Marcella J. Kelly Jean Claude Razafimahaimodison Eileen Larney Patricia C. Wright Steig E. Johnson 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2016,25(13):2723-2741
Biological invasions can represent important threats to endemic species, including those within the invaders’ food webs. The Asian common toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus) was introduced to Madagascar in 2011. This introduction presents a potentially dangerous prey item to a relatively naïve, highly diverse endemic carnivore fauna. Using a multivariate niche modeling approach (background test), we assessed the predicted niche overlap between D. melanostictus and six endemic carnivores in eastern Madagascar. The overlap between this potential prey and predators was assessed on four environmental niche axes: temperature, precipitation, vegetation cover and elevation. Our results showed a mixture of niche overlap and divergence between D. melanostictus and the six carnivores for environmental axes tested. There was significant overlap with five of the carnivores on temperature and NDVI axes. On the precipitation axis, there was significant overlap between D. melanostictus with two species. Our results suggested that wide-ranging, locally rare carnivores may overlap extensively with D. melanostictus. The six carnivores that inhabit the eastern rainforest of Madagascar will likely share multiple, niche axes with this novel potential prey item. Species that eat the non-native common toad and are susceptible to its toxins are at conservation risk because their populations may not be robust enough to adapt quickly to this threat. We advocate closely monitoring these emerging interactions and suggest a preemptive conservation strategy for carnivores potentially at risk. 相似文献
6.
DeAnna C. Bublitz Patricia C. Wright Jonathan R. Bodager Fidisoa T. Rasambainarivo James B. Bliska Thomas R. Gillespie 《PloS one》2014,9(7)
Background
Among the families of enteric bacteria are globally important diarrheal agents. Despite their potential for zoonotic and environmental transmission, few studies have examined the epidemiology of these pathogens in rural systems characterized by extensive overlap among humans, domesticated and peridomestic animals. We investigated patterns of infection with Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella enterica, Vibrio cholerae, and Yersinia spp. (enterocolitica, and pseudotuberculosis) in Southeastern Madagascar where the potential for the aforementioned interactions is high. In this pilot project we conducted surveys to examine behaviors potentially associated with risk of infection and if infection with specific enterobacteria species was associated with diarrheal disease.Methodology/Principal Findings
PCR was conducted on DNA from human, livestock, and rodent fecal samples from three villages. Overall, human prevalence was highest (77%), followed by rodents (51%) and livestock (18%). Rodents were ∼2.8 times more likely than livestock to carry one of the bacteria. The incidence of individual species varied between villages, with the observation that, E. coli and Shigella spp. were consistently associated with co-infections. As an aggregate, there was a significant risk of infection linked to a water source in one village. Individually, different pathogens were associated with certain behaviors, including: those who had used medication, experienced diarrhea in the past four weeks, or do not use toilets.Conclusions/Significance
Different bacteria were associated with an elevated risk of infection for various human activities or characteristics. Certain bacteria may also predispose people to co-infections. These data suggest that a high potential for transmission among these groups, either directly or via contaminated water sources. As these bacteria were most prevalent in humans, it is possible that they are maintained in humans and that transmission to other species is infrequent. Further studies are needed to understand bacterial persistence, transmission dynamics, and associated consequences in this and similar systems. 相似文献7.
Rila Ratovoson Voamalala Raharimanga Niaina Rakotosamimanana B. Ravaloson Maherisosa Ratsitorahina Rindra Randremanana Herimanana Ramarokoto Soatiana Rajatonirina Voahangy Rasolofo Vincent Richard 《PloS one》2014,9(4)
Background
Tuberculosis continues to cause unacceptably high levels of disease and death worldwide. Active preventive strategies are required to improve tuberculosis control and to increase the number of cases treated in developing countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of the tuberculin skin test (TST) in first-year schoolchildren as a means of increasing the number of tuberculosis cases detected through the screening of close contacts.Methods
All members of the households of 90 schoolchildren assigned to three groups on the basis of TST category (≤5 mm, [5–15)mm, ≥15 mm) were screened for sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. The percentage detection of tuberculosis in close contacts was compared between TST categories.Results
We identified 433 close contacts of the 90 schoolchildren, who were then evaluated for tuberculosis. We identified 11 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis among the close contacts (7 already on treatment and 4 previously undiagnosed): 0 in TST category ≤5 mm, 3 in TST category [5–15) mm and 8 in TST category ≥15 mm). This approach increased the detection of tuberculosis cases by a factor of 1.6 in first-year schoolchildren of the TST ≥5 mm group.Conclusion
TST in first-year schoolchildren is a potentially effective method for improving the detection of tuberculosis in close contacts. 相似文献8.
Yanpeng Hou Shugeng Cao Peggy J. Brodie Martin W. Callmander Fidisoa Ratovoson Etienne A. Rakotobe Vincent E. Rasamison Michel Ratsimbason John N. Alumasa Paul D. Roepe David G.I. Kingston 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2009,17(7):2871-2876
Bioassay-guided fractionation of an ethanol extract of a Madagascar collection of the bark of Scutia myrtina led to the isolation of three new anthrone–anthraquinones, scutianthraquinones A, B and C (1–3), one new bisanthrone–anthraquinone, scutianthraquinone D (4), and the known anthraquinone, aloesaponarin I (5). The structures of all compounds were determined using a combination of 1D and 2D NMR experiments, including COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, HMBC, and ROESY sequences, and mass spectrometry. All the isolated compounds were tested against the A2780 human ovarian cancer cell line for antiproliferative activities, and against the chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains Dd2 and FCM29 for antiplasmodial activities. Compounds 1, 2 and 4 showed weak antiproliferative activities against the A2780 ovarian cancer cell line, while compounds 1–4 exhibited moderate antiplasmodial activities against P. falciparum Dd2 and compounds 1, 2, and 4 exhibited moderate antiplasmodial activities against P. falciparum FCM29. 相似文献
9.
Thomas Ibanez Cláudia Baider Chris Birkinshaw Heike Culmsee Susan Cordell F. B. Vincent Florens Janet Franklin Christian P. Giardina Thomas W. Gillespie Melinda Laidlaw Creighton M. Litton Tara G. Martin Rebecca Ostertag Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy Richard Randrianaivo Miramasoandro Randrianjanahary Muthu Rajkumar Ladan Rasingam Fidy Ratovoson Ludovic Reza Lawren Sack Shin‐ichiro Aiba Edward Webb Timothy J. S. Whitfeld Runguo Zang Philippe Birnbaum 《Global Ecology and Biogeography》2018,27(4):474-486
10.
Fidisoa Rasambainarivo Zach J. Farris Hertz Andrianalizah Patricia G. Parker 《EcoHealth》2017,14(4):691-703
Introduced carnivores exert considerable pressure on native predators through predation, competition and disease transmission. Recent research shows that exotic carnivores negatively affect the distribution and abundance of the native and endangered carnivores of Madagascar. In this study, we provide information about the frequency and distribution of interactions between exotic (dogs and cats) and native carnivores (Eupleridae) in the Betampona Natural Reserve (BNR), Madagascar, using noninvasive camera trap surveys. Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) were the most frequently detected carnivore species within the BNR, and we found that indirect interactions between exotic and native carnivores were frequent (n = 236). Indirect interactions were more likely to occur near the research station (incidence rate ratio = 0.91), which may constitute a disease transmission hot spot for carnivores at BNR. The intervals between capture of native and exotic carnivores suggest that there is potential for pathogen transmission between species in BNR. These capture intervals were significantly shorter near the edge of the reserve (P = 0.04). These data could be used to implement biosecurity measures to monitor interactions and prevent disease transmission between species at the domestic animal and wildlife interface. 相似文献