全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2204篇 |
免费 | 199篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 16篇 |
2022年 | 17篇 |
2021年 | 77篇 |
2020年 | 40篇 |
2019年 | 57篇 |
2018年 | 54篇 |
2017年 | 66篇 |
2016年 | 93篇 |
2015年 | 153篇 |
2014年 | 153篇 |
2013年 | 155篇 |
2012年 | 230篇 |
2011年 | 168篇 |
2010年 | 100篇 |
2009年 | 82篇 |
2008年 | 153篇 |
2007年 | 113篇 |
2006年 | 122篇 |
2005年 | 123篇 |
2004年 | 83篇 |
2003年 | 80篇 |
2002年 | 69篇 |
2001年 | 13篇 |
2000年 | 19篇 |
1999年 | 16篇 |
1998年 | 16篇 |
1997年 | 13篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 11篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 4篇 |
1971年 | 6篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有2403条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
U Mura A M Osman A S Mohamed D Di Martino P L Ipata 《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. B, Comparative biochemistry》1987,87(1):157-160
The preservation of purine ring as purine bases appears to be a common feature of camel liver. Hepatic guanine appears to be actively converted into GMP in the camel rather than further degraded. The limiting step of guanine degradation appears to be the lack of hepatic guanase activity. Higher purine bases over uric acid ratios were found in camel urine with respect to those of zebu. 相似文献
2.
3.
Silvio Antoniak Erica M. Sparkenbaugh Michael Tencati Mauricio Rojas Nigel Mackman Rafal Pawlinski 《PloS one》2013,8(11)
Heart failure is a major clinical problem worldwide. Previous studies have demonstrated an important role for G protein-coupled receptors, including protease-activated receptors (PARs), in the pathology of heart hypertrophy and failure. Activation of PAR-2 on cardiomyocytes has been shown to induce hypertrophic growth in vitro. PAR-2 also contributes to myocardial infarction and heart remodeling after ischemia/reperfusion injury. In this study, we found that PAR-2 induced hypertrophic growth of cultured rat neonatal cardiomyocytes in a MEK1/2 and p38 dependent manner. In addition, PAR-2 activation on mouse cardiomyocytes increased expression of the pro-fibrotic chemokine MCP-1. Furthermore, cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of PAR-2 in mice induced heart hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, inflammation and heart failure. Finally, in a mouse model of myocardial infarction induced by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, PAR-2 deficiency attenuated heart remodeling and improved heart function independently of its contribution to the size of the initial infarct. Taken together, our data indicate that PAR-2 signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertrophy and heart failure. 相似文献
4.
Johnathan L Meaders Erica F Geers Belen Fernandez‐Garcia Marvin E Tanenbaum 《The EMBO journal》2012,31(21):4179-4190
The microtubule motor protein kinesin‐5 (Eg5) provides an outward force on centrosomes, which drives bipolar spindle assembly. Acute inhibition of Eg5 blocks centrosome separation and causes mitotic arrest in human cells, making Eg5 an attractive target for anti‐cancer therapy. Using in vitro directed evolution, we show that human cells treated with Eg5 inhibitors can rapidly acquire the ability to divide in the complete absence of Eg5 activity. We have used these Eg5‐independent cells to study alternative mechanisms of centrosome separation. We uncovered a pathway involving nuclear envelope (NE)‐associated dynein that drives centrosome separation in prophase. This NE‐dynein pathway is essential for bipolar spindle assembly in the absence of Eg5, but also functions in the presence of full Eg5 activity, where it pulls individual centrosomes along the NE and acts in concert with Eg5‐dependent outward pushing forces to coordinate prophase centrosome separation. Together, these results reveal how the forces are produced to drive prophase centrosome separation and identify a novel mechanism of resistance to kinesin‐5 inhibitors. 相似文献
5.
6.
George B. Stefano Erica Braham Patrick Finn Edward Aiello Michael K. Leung 《Cellular and molecular neurobiology》1987,7(2):209-219
1. This report further demonstrates that etorphine influences presynaptic dopamine release, which in turn centrally modulates peripheral cilioinhibition. 2. In older animals cilioinhibition has become enhanced due to a lack of responsiveness to endogenous opioids which results in greater dopamine release, causing a higher level of cilioinhibition as demonstrated by challenging the visceral ganglia with etorphine or destroying the dopaminergic component with 6-hydroxydopamine. 3. Only the central cilioinhibitory, not the peripheral inhibitory response, mechanism appears to be altered in older animals. Thus, the alteration appears in the central integrative mechanisms involved with regulating ciliary activity. 4. The KCl-stimulated release of dopamine is unaltered in both young and old organisms, whereas the opiate inhibition of the KCl-stimulated release of dopamine is reduced in older organisms. Thus, the aging-associated alteration is associated with a specific process. 5. The reduction of opioid influence and the resulting enhanced cilioinhibitory activity may make the organisms more susceptible to environmental stress. 相似文献
7.
A Del Corso D Barsacchi M Camici D Garland U Mura 《Archives of biochemistry and biophysics》1989,270(2):604-610
Two structurally different forms of bovine lens aldose reductase have been identified. Freshly prepared lens extracts contain an unactivated "b form" (ARb) which is sensitive to inhibition by Sorbinil. Upon incubation of the extracts with oxygen radical generating systems, ARb is converted to a more active "a form" (ARa), which is not inhibited by Sorbinil. ARa and ARb were purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. 相似文献
8.
A Del Corso D Barsacchi M Giannessi M G Tozzi M Camici U Mura 《The Journal of biological chemistry》1989,264(30):17653-17655
Bovine lens aldose reductase (alditol:NADP+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.21) undergoes an oxidative modification, greatly stimulated by high ionic strength, upon incubation in the presence of oxygen radical generating systems (Del Corso, A., Camici, M., and Mura, U. (1987) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 148, 369-375). The enzyme modification is accompanied by a change in stereospecificity toward the two enantiomers of glyceraldehyde. In particular, the Km for L-glyceraldehyde of the native form increased over 150 times after the enzyme modification, with a decrease in the catalytic efficiency of over 200 times. By contrast, for the D-enantiomer the Km increased only 7 times with respect to the native form, with a concomitant decrease in the catalytic efficiency of only approximately 3 times. This dramatic change in stereospecificity may account for the reported apparent cooperative behavior exhibited also by highly purified electrophoretically homogeneous preparations of aldose reductase. 相似文献
9.
Responses of nitrate assimilation and N translocation in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) to reduced ambient air humidity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Erica Brewitz; Larsson Carl-Magnus; Larsson Marie 《Journal of experimental botany》1996,47(7):855-861
The impact of low humidity in ambient air on water relations,nitrate uptake, and translocation of recently absorbed nitrogen,was investigated in 5-week-old tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumMill cv. Ailsa Craig) plants grown hydroponically in a completenutrient solution. Plants were subjected to dry air (relativehumidity 24% for 6 h. The transpiration rate increasedseveral-fold and the shoot water content decreased by almost20%, whereas root water content was unaffected. No effect onin vitro nitrate reductase (NR) activity was detected when usingan EDTA-contraining assay buffer. Replacement of EDTA with Mg2+revealed a significant decline in shoot NR activity, which suggestsphosphorylation of the enzyme during the stress treatment. Plantswere grown in a split-root system, in which one root half wasfed 15N-nitrate during the treatment, in order to determinenitrate uptake and translocation of recently absorbed nitrogenin the plants. Uptake of nitrate was substantially inhibited,but the proportion of absorbed 15N that was translocated tothe shoots was only slightly affected. In untreated plants,71% of the 15N recovered in roots had been retranslocated fromthe shoots, whereas in plants subjected to stress the deliveryof 15N from shoots to roots appeared to be completely inhibited.The data show that lowered humidity in air has significant effectson both uptake of nitrate as well as translocation of nitrogenwithin the plants. Some of these effects appear to be commonwith those observed in plants subjected to reduced water potentialsin the root environment and point to the possibility of theshoot water relations being highly influential on nitrogen uptakeand translocation. Key words: Air humidity, nitrate assimilation, nitrate reductase activity, nitrogen translocation, tomato, water stress 相似文献
10.
Steve S. Sommer Victoria L. Tillotson Erica L. Vielhaber Rhett P. Ketterling Charyl M. Dutton 《Human genetics》1994,93(3):357-358
Long tandem dinucleotide repeats composed of alternating purines and pyrimidines [RY(i)] are abundant and highly polymorphic. Simple RY(i) are predominately composed of one tandem repeat of a dinucleotide sequence. In contrast, cryptic RY(i [cRY(i)] are composed of multiple short dinucleotide repeats. Herein, we describe the racial distribution of alleles for a polymorphic cRY(i) in the factor IX gene. Allele I is absent in Asians, whereas allele III is rare or absent in Caucasians or blacks. A polymorphic cRY(i) analyzed previously shows even more dramatic variation among racial groups, hinting that a battery of cRY(i) might have utility in assessing the racial origin of a DNA sample. 相似文献