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The fine structure of Bacillus subtilis has been studied by observing sections fixed in KMnO4, OsO4, or a combination of both. The majority of examinations were made in samples fixed in 2.0 per cent KMnO4 in tap water. Samples were embedded in butyl methacrylate for sectioning. In general, KMnO4 fixation appeared to provide much better definition of the boundaries of various structures than did OsO4. With either type of fixation, however, the surface structure of the cell appeared to consist of two components: cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane. Each of these, in turn, was observed to have a double aspect. The cell wall appeared to be composed of an outer part, broad and light, and an inner part, thin and dense. The cytoplasmic membrane appeared (at times, under KMnO4 fixation) as two thin lines. In cells fixed first with OsO4 solution, and then refixed with a mixture of KMnO4 and OsO4 solutions, the features revealed were more or less a mixture of those revealed by each fixation alone. A homogeneous, smooth structure, lacking a vacuole-like space, was identified as the nuclear structure in a form relatively free of artifacts. Two unidentified structures were observed in the cytoplasm when B. subtilis was fixed with KMnO4. One a tortuous, fine filamentous element associated with a narrow light space, was often found near the ends of cells, or attached to one end of the pre-spore. The other showed a special inner structure somewhat similar to cristae mitochondriales. 相似文献
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Obara Mami Sato Sachiko Takahashi Kumi Kondo Yukiko Hirose Masamichi Nata Koji Taira Eichi 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》2021,476(5):2021-2028
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - Gicerin/CD146 is a cell adhesion molecule which belongs to the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily. We have reported the existence of gicerin/CD146 in the nervous... 相似文献
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Sakiyama Tomoki Morimoto Junko Matsubayashi Jun Furukawa Yasuto Kondo Mami Tsuruga Hifumi Mano Tsutomu Nakamura Futoshi 《Landscape and Ecological Engineering》2021,17(3):351-362
Landscape and Ecological Engineering - Investigating factors underlying human-wildlife conflicts in agricultural landscapes is important for both preventing crop damage and wildlife conservation.... 相似文献
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STAT5 induces macrophage differentiation of M1 leukemia cells through activation of IL-6 production mediated by NF-kappaB p65 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Kawashima T Murata K Akira S Tonozuka Y Minoshima Y Feng S Kumagai H Tsuruga H Ikeda Y Asano S Nosaka T Kitamura T 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》2001,167(7):3652-3660
We recently demonstrated that STAT5 can induce a variety of biological functions in mouse IL-3-dependent Ba/F3 cells; STAT5-induced expression of pim-1, p21(WAF/Cip1), and suppressor of cytokine signaling-1/STAT-induced STAT inhibitor-1/Janus kinase binding protein is responsible for induction of proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, respectively. In the present study, using a constitutively active STAT5A (STAT5A1*6), we show that STAT5 induces macrophage differentiation of mouse leukemic M1 cells through a distinct mechanism, autocrine production of IL-6. The supernatant of STAT5A1*6-transduced cells contained sufficient concentrations of IL-6 to induce macrophage differentiation of parental M1 cells, and STAT3 was phosphorylated on their tyrosine residues in these cells. Treatment of the cells with anti-IL-6 blocking Abs profoundly inhibited the differentiation. We also found that the STAT5A1*6 transactivated the IL-6 promoter, which was mediated by the enhanced binding of NF-kappaB p65 (RelA) to the promoter region of IL-6. These findings indicate that STAT5A cooperates with Rel/NF-kappaB to induce production of IL-6, thereby inducing macrophage differentiation of M1 cells in an autocrine manner. In summary, we have shown a novel mechanism by which STAT5 induces its pleiotropic functions. Cytokines 相似文献
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Ubukata M Takamori H Ohashi M Mitsuhashi S Yamashita K Asada T Nakajima N Matsuura N Tsuruga M Taki K Magae J 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2007,17(17):4767-4770
Mycophenolic acid (MPA), known as an inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), was found to inhibit the differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes into mature adipocytes. Although the effect of MPA was attributed to inhibition of IMPDH, we uncovered a hidden biological property of MPA as an agonist of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). 相似文献
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LPS-induced IL-6, IL-8, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 expression in human lymphatic endothelium. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Yoshihiko Sawa Takeshi Ueki Minoru Hata Kana Iwasawa Eichi Tsuruga Hiroshi Kojima Hiroyuki Ishikawa Shigemitsu Yoshida 《The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry》2008,56(2):97-109
We have previously reported the TLR4 expression in human intestinal lymphatic vessels. In the study here, microarray analysis showed the expression of the TLR4, MD-2, CD14, MyD88, TIRAP, TRAM, IRAK1, and TRAF6 genes in cultured human neonatal dermal lymphatic microvascular endothelial cells (LEC). The microarray analysis also showed that LEC expressed genes of IL-6, IL-8, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1, and the real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that mRNA production was increased by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The LPS-induced IL-6, IL-8, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 production in LEC was suppressed by the introduction of TLR4-specific small interfering RNA, and also by anti-TLR4, nobiletin, and CAPE pretreatment. These findings suggest that LEC has TLR4-mediated LPS recognition mechanisms that involve at least activation of NF-kappaB, resulting in increased expression of IL-6, IL-8, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1. Both the LPS effect on the gene expression and also the suppression by nobiletin and CAPE pretreatment on the protein production were larger in IL-6 and in VCAM-1 than in IL-8 and in ICAM-1 in LEC. The signal transduction of NF-kappaB and AP-1-dependent pathway may be more critical for the expression of IL-6 and VCAM-1 than that of IL-8 and ICAM-1 in LEC. 相似文献
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Eichi Yamada 《The Journal of cell biology》1955,1(6):551-566