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1.
Summary Eight newSalmonella types are described.S. houten, 43; Z4, Z23 :−, was isolated from a frog,S.tuindorp, 43: Z4, Z32: −,S. vleuten, 44: fg: −,S.zeist, 18: Z10: Z6, andS.soesterberg. 21: Z4, Z23: −, were isolated from lizards.
S. kralingen (8), 20: y: Z6, was isolated from peanuts andS. assen, 21: a: −, was isolated from a swine. All these strains were isolated in the Netherlands.
S.mim, 13, 22: a: 1,6, was isolated from a rat in Ghana. 相似文献
2.
Out of 12,472 strains ofSalmonella isolated in the Netherlands in 1962, 1365, or 10.94%, were found to be resistant to tetracycline or chloramphenicol or to both. Compared with the findings of the preceding years (1958/59:2.08%, 1960:1.29%, 1961:3.96%) this is a considerable increase. Of these 1365 strains, 1285, or 94.1%, were resistant to tetracycline and 46, or 3.4%, were resistant to chloramphenicol. The remaining 34 strains, or 2.5%, were resistant to both drugs.Among allSalmonella strains isolated in 1962, 5517 belonged to the speciesS. typhi murium. Of these, 1203 or 21.8%, were resistant to tetracycline. The resistance rates of strains originating from human patients, calves, pigs, other animals and other materials were 24.4%, 37.1%, 15.0%, 8.0% and 5.7% respectively.Factors which may possibly have contributed to the greatly increased frequency of drug resistance inS. typhi murium are: (1) the rapid spread of the use of tetracycline for therapeutic, prophylactic and nutritive purposes, and (2) the possibility of an episome-mediated transfer of drug resistance from relatively harmless intestinal bacteria, such asE. coli, toS. typhi murium. 相似文献
3.
Virulence ofEscherichia coli strains isolated from urine of patients with acute cystitis and from faeces of healthy women 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
J. F. van den Bosch P. Postma D. van Brenk P. A. M. Guinée J. de Graaff D. M. MacLaren 《Antonie van Leeuwenhoek》1981,47(2):97-106
E. coli strains were isolated from the urine of patients with acute cystitis in general practice and from the faeces of a comparable
reference group of healthy individuals. These strains were serotyped and tested for virulence in an experimental mouse model.
Of 30 cystitis-strains 18 were virulent, and of 30 faeces-strains 15 were virulent.
It is concluded that the cystitis-strains were not more often virulent than the faeces-strains.
O antigens commonly found among urinaryE. coli isolates were present in 60% of the cystitis-strains and in 37% of the faeces-strains. K antigens commonly found in urinaryE. coli strains were present in 33% of the cystitis-strains and in 12% of the faeces-strains. Neither the presence of common urinary
O-antigens, nor the presence of common urinary K antigens could be associated with virulence of the isolated strains. However,
it is suggested that certain O and K antigens (O2, O6, K23) may be associated with virulence for the urinary tract. 相似文献
4.
van Oers Lauran Guinée Jeroen B. Heijungs Reinout 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2020,25(2):309-310
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment - The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake which was missed during typesetting. The caption to Fig. 5 was... 相似文献
5.
Pallas Georgios Vijver Martina G. Peijnenburg Willie J. G. M. Guinée Jeroen 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2020,25(9):1767-1782
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment - The goal of this study is to perform an ex-ante life cycle assessment (LCA) of the emerging gallium-arsenide nanowire tandem solar cells on... 相似文献
6.
Prado Valentina Cinelli Marco Ter Haar Sterre F. Ravikumar Dwarakanath Heijungs Reinout Guinée Jeroen Seager Thomas P. 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2020,25(12):2393-2406
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment - Weighting in life cycle assessment (LCA) incorporates stakeholder preferences in the decision-making process of comparative LCAs. Research... 相似文献
7.
Marika A. Schulhof Andrew E. Allen Eric E. Allen Natalie Mladenov John P. McCrow Natalie T. Jones Jessica Blanton Hamanda B. Cavalheri Drishti Kaul Celia C. Symons Jonathan B. Shurin 《Molecular ecology》2020,29(11):2080-2093
Warming, eutrophication (nutrient fertilization) and brownification (increased loading of allochthonous organic matter) are three global trends impacting lake ecosystems. However, the independent and synergistic effects of resource addition and warming on autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms are largely unknown. In this study, we investigate the independent and interactive effects of temperature, dissolved organic carbon (DOC, both allochthonous and autochthonous) and nitrogen (N) supply, in addition to the effect of spatial variables, on the composition, richness, and evenness of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial communities in lakes across elevation and N deposition gradients in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California, USA. We found that both prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities are structured by temperature, terrestrial (allochthonous) DOC and latitude. Prokaryotic communities are also influenced by total and aquatic (autochthonous) DOC, while eukaryotic communities are also structured by nitrate. Additionally, increasing N availability was associated with reduced richness of prokaryotic communities, and both lower richness and evenness of eukaryotes. We did not detect any synergistic or antagonistic effects as there were no interactions among temperature and resource variables. Together, our results suggest that (a) organic and inorganic resources, temperature, and geographic location (based on latitude and longitude) independently influence lake microbial communities; and (b) increasing N supply due to atmospheric N deposition may reduce richness of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes, probably by reducing niche dimensionality. Our study provides insight into abiotic processes structuring microbial communities across environmental gradients and their potential roles in material and energy fluxes within and between ecosystems. 相似文献
8.
SNPStats: a web tool for the analysis of association studies 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
9.
Rebeca Sanz-Pamplona Antoni Berenguer David Cordero Samantha Riccadonna Xavier Solé Marta Crous-Bou Elisabet Guinó Xavier Sanjuan Sebastiano Biondo Antonio Soriano Giuseppe Jurman Gabriel Capella Cesare Furlanello Victor Moreno 《PloS one》2012,7(11)
Introduction
The traditional staging system is inadequate to identify those patients with stage II colorectal cancer (CRC) at high risk of recurrence or with stage III CRC at low risk. A number of gene expression signatures to predict CRC prognosis have been proposed, but none is routinely used in the clinic. The aim of this work was to assess the prediction ability and potential clinical usefulness of these signatures in a series of independent datasets.Methods
A literature review identified 31 gene expression signatures that used gene expression data to predict prognosis in CRC tissue. The search was based on the PubMed database and was restricted to papers published from January 2004 to December 2011. Eleven CRC gene expression datasets with outcome information were identified and downloaded from public repositories. Random Forest classifier was used to build predictors from the gene lists. Matthews correlation coefficient was chosen as a measure of classification accuracy and its associated p-value was used to assess association with prognosis. For clinical usefulness evaluation, positive and negative post-tests probabilities were computed in stage II and III samples.Results
Five gene signatures showed significant association with prognosis and provided reasonable prediction accuracy in their own training datasets. Nevertheless, all signatures showed low reproducibility in independent data. Stratified analyses by stage or microsatellite instability status showed significant association but limited discrimination ability, especially in stage II tumors. From a clinical perspective, the most predictive signatures showed a minor but significant improvement over the classical staging system.Conclusions
The published signatures show low prediction accuracy but moderate clinical usefulness. Although gene expression data may inform prognosis, better strategies for signature validation are needed to encourage their widespread use in the clinic. 相似文献10.
Guinée Jeroen B. Koning Arjan de Pennington David W. Rosenbaum Ralph Hauschild Michael Olsen Stig I. Molander Sverker Bachmann Till M. Pant Rana 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2004,9(5):320-326
Goal, Scope and Background The EU 5th framework project OMNIITOX will develop models calculating characterisation factors for assessing the potential toxic impacts
of chemicals within the framework of LCA. These models will become accessible through a web-based information system. The
key objective of the OMNIITOX project is to increase the coverage of substances by such models. In order to reach this objective,
simpler models which need less but available data, will have to be developed while maintaining scientific quality. Methods.
Experience within the OMNIITOX project has taught that data availability and quality are crucial issues for calculating characterisation
factors. Data availability determines whether calculating characterisation factors is possible at all, whereas data quality
determines to what extent the resulting characterisation factors are reliable. Today, there is insufficient knowledge and/or
resources to have high data availability as well as high data quality and high model quality at the same time.
Results The OMNIITOX project is developing two inter-related models in order to be able to provide LCA impact assessment characterisation
factors for toxic releases for as broad a range of chemicals as possible: 1) A base model representing a state-of-the-art
multimedia model and 2) a simple model derived from the base model using statistical tools. Discussion. A preliminary decision
tree for using the OMNIITOX information system (IS) is presented. The decision tree aims to illustrate how the OMNIITOX IS
can assist an LCA practitioner in finding or deriving characterisation factors for use in life cycle impact assessment of
toxic releases.
Conclusions and Outlook Data availability and quality are crucial issues when calculating characterisation factors for the toxicity impact categories.
The OMNIITOX project is developing a tiered model approach for this. It is foreseen that a first version of the base model
will be ready in late summer of 2004, whereas a first version of the simple base model is expected a few months later. 相似文献