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排序方式: 共有623条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Evidence that rseC, a gene in the rpoE cluster, has a role in thiamine synthesis in Salmonella typhimurium. 下载免费PDF全文
In Salmonella typhimurium, the genetic loci and biochemical reactions necessary for the conversion of aminoimidazole ribotide (AIR) to the 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl pyrimidine (HMP) moiety of thiamine remain unknown. Preliminary genetic analysis indicates that there may be more than one pathway responsible for the synthesis of HMP from AIR and that the function of these pathways depends on the availability of AIR, synthesized by the purine pathway or by the purF-independent alternative pyrimidine biosynthetic (APB) pathway (L. Petersen and D. Downs, J. Bacteriol. 178:5676-5682, 1996). An insertion in rseB, the third gene in the rpoE rseABC gene cluster at 57 min, prevented HMP synthesis in a purF mutant. Complementation analysis demonstrated that the HMP requirement of the purF rseB strain was due to polarity of the insertion in rseB on the downstream rseC gene. The role of RseC in thiamine synthesis was independent of rpoE. 相似文献
2.
Matthew E. Downs Amanda Buch Carlos Sierra Maria Eleni Karakatsani Shangshang Chen Elisa E. Konofagou Vincent P. Ferrera 《PloS one》2015,10(5)
Focused Ultrasound (FUS) coupled with intravenous administration of microbubbles (MB) is a non-invasive technique that has been shown to reliably open (increase the permeability of) the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in multiple in vivo models including non-human primates (NHP). This procedure has shown promise for clinical and basic science applications, yet the safety and potential neurological effects of long term application in NHP requires further investigation under parameters shown to be efficacious in that species (500kHz, 200–400 kPa, 4–5μm MB, 2 minute sonication). In this study, we repeatedly opened the BBB in the caudate and putamen regions of the basal ganglia of 4 NHP using FUS with systemically-administered MB over 4–20 months. We assessed the safety of the FUS with MB procedure using MRI to detect edema or hemorrhaging in the brain. Contrast enhanced T1-weighted MRI sequences showed a 98% success rate for openings in the targeted regions. T2-weighted and SWI sequences indicated a lack edema in the majority of the cases. We investigated potential neurological effects of the FUS with MB procedure through quantitative cognitive testing of’ visual, cognitive, motivational, and motor function using a random dot motion task with reward magnitude bias presented on a touchpanel display. Reaction times during the task significantly increased on the day of the FUS with MB procedure. This increase returned to baseline within 4–5 days after the procedure. Visual motion discrimination thresholds were unaffected. Our results indicate FUS with MB can be a safe method for repeated opening of the BBB at the basal ganglia in NHP for up to 20 months without any long-term negative physiological or neurological effects with the parameters used. 相似文献
3.
The number of orientation, feeding and social calls emitted by pipistrelle batsPipistrellus pipistrellus Schreber, 1774 andP. pygmaeus Leach, 1825 was recorded throughout the night at eight different sites. Social calls were unaffected by weather variables,
whereas orientation calls and feeding buzzes were both significantly affected by cloud and temperature conditions. The number
of emissions of each call type was significantly different between sites, indicating that the bats used different sites for
different activities. Significant positive correlations between all three combinations of call types occurred only during
the middle of the night, corresponding with the nadir of flying insects. This suggests that bats were engaged in activities
other than feeding at this time, such as territory protection or mate attraction. 相似文献
4.
Nathan Downs Alfio Parisi Joanna Turner David Turnbull 《Photochemical & photobiological sciences》2008,7(6):700-710
A technique has been developed to represent erythemally effective ultraviolet radiation exposure within a school environment. The technique models the erythemally effective exposure onto a horizontal plane representation of a mapped school environment located in Hervey Bay (25 degrees S, 153 degrees E), Australia. The input parameters used to model the ultraviolet exposures received within the school playground included the measured sky view, ground albedo and standing surface albedo. Estimates of the erythemally effective ultraviolet exposure received within the school playground during morning tea and lunch time meal breaks during a winter and summer school day are presented. The influence of tree shade and building structure was found to vary significantly with solar zenith angle modelled over the winter and summer school meal break times with horizontal plane exposures predicted to vary from between 0 and 7 SED at different locations within the playground. The technique presented provides a method that can be followed to examine the effect of surrounding buildings and surface structures of real environments on the predicted horizontal plane ultraviolet exposure. 相似文献
5.
Nuclear receptors for 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 in thymus reticular cells studied by autoradiography 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary After injection of 3H 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 to rats fed a vitamin D-deficient diet, nuclear concentration and retention of radioactivity exists in reticular cells of the thymus medulla and cortex, as well as outer cells of developing Hassal's corpuscles. Lymphocytes do not show nuclear concentration of radioactivity. Nuclear concentration in reticular cells is prevented by prior injection of excess 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3. The results indicate that reticular-endothelial cells contain nuclear receptors for 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 and suggest that effects of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 on immune response and lymphocyte differentiation are indirect and mediated through genomic modulation of reticular cell functions such as messenger secretion. 相似文献
6.
We have isolated the delta-globin gene of the New-World spider monkey,
Ateles geoffroyi, and compared its nucleotide sequence with those of other
primate delta- and beta-globin genes. Among primate delta-globin genes, the
rate of nonsynonymous substitutions is much less than the rate of
synonymous substitutions. This suggests that primate delta- globin genes
may remain under evolutionary conservation, perhaps because hemoglobin A2
has an as yet unknown physiological importance.
相似文献
7.
The cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) content of intact oocyte-cumulus cell complexes at various times after the induction of oocyte maturation in mice in vivo was correlated with the time of commitment by the oocytes to undergo germinal vesicle breakdown (GVB) and metabolic coupling between the oocyte and cumulus cells. Seventy-nine percent of the oocytes either underwent GVB or were committed to do so by 2 h after injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). This occurred without a decrease in the coupling between cumulus cells and the oocyte and with increasing cAMP levels in the oocyte-cumulus cell complex. Maintenance of threshold levels of cAMP within mammalian oocytes appears essential for the maintenance of meiotic arrest, but data presented here suggest that oocyte maturation in mice is induced by gonadotropins in nonatretic follicles in vivo by some mechanism other than one which decreases the cAMP content of the intact oocyte-cumulus cell complex. 相似文献
8.
P Alaupovic C S Wang W J McConathy D Weiser D Downs 《Archives of biochemistry and biophysics》1986,244(1):226-237
Although the direct conversion of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) into low density (LDL) and high density (HDL) lipoproteins only requires lipoprotein lipase (LPL) as a catalyst and albumin as the fatty acid acceptor, the in vitro-formed LDL and HDL differ chemically from their native counterparts. To investigate the reason(s) for these differences, VLDL were treated with human milk LPL in the presence of albumin, and the LPL-generated LDL1-, LDL2-, and HDL-like particles were characterized by lipid and apolipoprotein composition. Results showed that the removal of apolipoproteins B, C, and E from VLDL was proportional to the degree of triglyceride hydrolysis with LDL2 particles as the major and LDL1 and HDL + VHDL particles as the minor products of a complete in vitro lipolysis of VLDL. In comparison with native counterparts, the in vitro-formed LDL2 and HDL + VHDL were characterized by lower levels of triglyceride and cholesterol ester and higher levels of free cholesterol and lipid phosphorus. The characterization of lipoprotein particles present in the in vitro-produced LDL2 showed that, as in plasma LDL2, lipoprotein B (LP-B) was the major apolipoprotein B-containing lipoprotein accounting for over 90% of the total apolipoprotein B. Other, minor species of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins included LP-B:C-I:E and LP-B:C-I:C-II:C-III. The lipid composition of in vitro-formed LP-B closely resembled that of plasma LP-B. The major parts of apolipoproteins C and E present in VLDL were released to HDL + VHDL as simple, cholesterol/phospholipid-rich lipoproteins including LP-C-I, LP-C-II, LP-C-III, and LP-E. However, some of these same simple lipoprotein particles were present after ultracentrifugation in the LDL2 density segment because of their hydrated density and/or because they formed, in the absence of naturally occurring acceptors (LP-A-I:A-II), weak associations with LP-B. Thus, the presence of varying amounts of these cholesterol/phospholipid-rich lipoproteins in the in vitro-formed LDL2 appears to be the main reason for their compositional difference from native LDL2. These results demonstrate that the formation of LP-B as the major apolipoprotein B-containing product of VLDL lipolysis only requires LPL as a catalyst and albumin as the fatty acid acceptor. However, under physiological circumstances, other modulating agents are necessary to prevent the accumulation and interaction of phospholipid/cholesterol-rich apolipoprotein C- and E-containing particles. 相似文献
9.
Mitotic inhibition and aneuploidy induction by naturally occurring and synthetic estrogens in Chinese hamster cells in vitro 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
We used a predominantly diploid Chinese hamster cell line to test a number of naturally occurring and synthetic estrogens for their ability to arrest cells at metaphase, their potential for allowing anaphase recovery, and their capability of inducing aneuploid progeny. The chemicals employed included diethylstilbestrol, dienestrol, hexestrol, beta-estradiol, ethynylestradiol and estriol. We also tested progesterone, estrone and testosterone in this regard. Only estrogens and their synthetic analogs caused mitotic arrest and aneuploidy, while progesterone, estrone and testosterone did not cause mitotic disturbances. Among the estrogens, DES was the most effective arrestant on a comparative molar basis, whereas dienestrol was most potent over a wide range of concentrations. Estriol was the least potent as an arrestant but was an effective inducer of aneuploidy. The addition of a metabolic activator (S9) did not alter the ability of DES to arrest mitosis. Following the removal of the drugs, cells were able to quickly reorganize a spindle apparatus and enter anaphase. Diethylstilbestrol, dienestrol, hexestrol, beta-estradiol, ethynylestradiol and estriol caused significant increase in aneuploidy within a narrow range of high concentrations in recovering cell populations. Aneuploidy was induced in a non-random manner. Immunofluorescence studies with anti-tubulin antibody indicate that estrogens may have a mechanism of mitotic arrest similar to that of colchicine and colcemid, viz inhibiting the polymerization of tubulin to form microtubules. These data suggest that the interaction between estrogens and microtubules may mediate the induction of aneuploidy in somatic cells. Aneuploidy induction by DES and similar compounds may be related to their carcinogenic potential. 相似文献
10.
Biochemical pathways in prokaryotes can be traced backward through evolutionary time 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
For the first time, a credible prokaryotic phylogenetic tree is being
assembled by Woese and others using quantitative sequence analysis of
oligonucleotides in the highly conservative rRNA. This provides an
evolutionary scale against which the evolutionary steps that led to the
arrangement and regulation of contemporary biochemical pathways can be
measured. This paper presents an emerging evolutionary picture of aromatic
amino acid biosynthesis within a large superfamily assemblage of
prokaryotes that is sufficiently developed to illustrate a new perspective
that will be applicable to many other biochemical pathways.
相似文献