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In the diagnosis of congenital heart disease, the cardiologist was formerly concerned with distinguishing the operable from the inoperable cases. With the development of "open" heart operations under hypothermia and extracorporeal circulation, the majority of congenital heart lesions have become correctable. It is now necessary to make an exact anatomic diagnosis preoperatively. The present discussion reviews the diagnostic methods employed by the cardiac team in investigating a patient with congenital heart disease. 相似文献
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PIERRE‐OLIVIER ANTOINE KEVIN F. DOWNING JEAN‐YVES CROCHET FRANCIS DURANTHON LAWRENCE J. FLYNN LAURENT MARIVAUX GRÉGOIRE MÉTAIS ABDUL RAHIM RAJPAR GHAZALA ROOHI 《Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society》2010,160(1):139-194
Rhinocerotids are particularly abundant and diversified in Neogene deposits of the Indian subcontinent, but their systematics is far from being well defined. Based on the revision of old collections and new findings from the Early Miocene of the Bugti Hills and Zinda Pir, Pakistan, ‘Aceratherium blanfordi Lydekker, 1884’ is a chimera, consisting of two dentally convergent but postcranially distinct rhinocerotid taxa: Pleuroceros blanfordi and Mesaceratherium welcommi sp. nov. Postcranial features appear to be much more diagnostic than craniodental morphology in this case. A phylogenetic analysis based on 282 morphological characters scored for 28 taxa (four outgroups and ingroup including both taxa of interest and a ‘branching group’) strengthens this statement and supports Pleuroceros and Mesaceratherium as monophyletic genera within Rhinocerotinae. Both genera are recognized for the first time outside Europe. In the Bugti Hills, P. blanfordi and M. welcommi are part of an exceptionally diversified rhinocerotid fauna, with up to nine species associated in the same locality (Kumbi 4f). This rhinocerotid assemblage confirms the earliest Miocene age (Agenian/Aquitanian) of the upper member of the Chitarwata Formation as a whole. Coeval homotaxic rhinocerotid faunas from Europe (France, Czech Republic) and East Africa (Uganda, Kenya) support broad and sustainable rhinocerotid interchanges amongst South Asia, Europe, and Africa under compatible environmental conditions throughout earliest Miocene times. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 160 , 139–194. 相似文献
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Dr.Lawrence J.FLYNN 《古脊椎动物学报》2014,(2)
正The Muséum National d’Histoire naturelle,via the able hands of Stéphane Peignéand Sevket Sen,has produced a massive scientific work that compiles advanced studies on the diverse mammalian fossil assemblage of Sansan,Gers,southwestern France.Servais et al.(2012)called Sansan a"lagersttte",and so it is:a remarkable fossil site that assembles much of the biota of its past community in one place.Sansan is a site complex with adjacent 相似文献
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Utilization of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and the response of the marine flagellate Isochrysis galbana to carbon or nitrogen stress 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The growth of the marine flagellate Isochrysis galbana was followed in batch cultures at four concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), from C- and N-replete lag phase into C- and/or N-deplete stationary phase. Organic buffers were omitted from the growth medium, and culture pH was maintained at 8.30±0.05 by the addition of acid or alkali. The responses of the flagellate to N stress included an increase in the C:N ratio, and decreases in the ratios of glutamine (Gln):glutamate (Glu) and Chl a :C, and the cell Chl a quota. Conversely, the responses to C stress included a decrease in the C:N ratio, and increases in the ratios of Gln:Glu and Chl a :C, and the cell Chl a quota. The relationship between carbon-specific growth rate (C-μ), and the concentration of extracellular DIC, [DIC]ext , exhibited Michaelis–Menten type kinetics with a half saturation constant, K G(DIC) , of 81 μM. Comparative studies of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum showed similar results, although the value of K G(DIC) was lower at 30 μM. 相似文献