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Little is known about the effect of exercise training on the expression of adiponectin receptor genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In this study, we investigated the effects of aerobic training on the expression of AdipoR1 and AidpoR2 mRNAs in PBMCs, whole body insulin sensitivity, and circulating adiponectins in men. Thirty young men were randomly assigned to either a control (n=15) or an exercise (n=15) group. Subjects assigned to the exercise group underwent a 12-week jogging and/or running programme on a motor-driven treadmill at an intensity of 60%-75% of the age-based maximum heart rate with duration of 40 minutes per session and a frequency of 5 days per week. Two-way mixed ANOVA with repeated measures was used to test any significant time-by-group interaction effects for the measured variables at p=0.05. We found significant time-by-group interaction effects for waist circumference (p=0.001), VO2max (p<0.001), fasting insulin (p=0.016), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p=0.010), area under the curve (AUC) for insulin response during the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (p=0.002), high-molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin (p=0.016), and the PBMC mRNA levels of AdipoR1 (p<0.001) and AdipoR2 (p=0.001). The exercise group had significantly increased mRNA levels of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in PBMCs, along with increased whole body insulin sensitivity and HMW adiponectin, decreased waist circumference, and increased VO2max compared with the control group. In summary, the current findings suggest that exercise training modulates the expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 mRNAs in PBMCs, implying that manipulation of the expression of these genes could be a potential surrogate for lifestyle intervention-mediated improvements of whole body insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. 相似文献
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Genetic and environmental heterogeneity of residual variance of weight traits in Nellore beef cattle
Background
Many studies have provided evidence of the existence of genetic heterogeneity of environmental variance, suggesting that it could be exploited to improve robustness and uniformity of livestock by selection. However, little is known about the perspectives of such a selection strategy in beef cattle.Methods
A two-step approach was applied to study the genetic heterogeneity of residual variance of weight gain from birth to weaning and long-yearling weight in a Nellore beef cattle population. First, an animal model was fitted to the data and second, the influence of additive and environmental effects on the residual variance of these traits was investigated with different models, in which the log squared estimated residuals for each phenotypic record were analyzed using the restricted maximum likelihood method. Monte Carlo simulation was performed to assess the reliability of variance component estimates from the second step and the accuracy of estimated breeding values for residual variation.Results
The results suggest that both genetic and environmental factors have an effect on the residual variance of weight gain from birth to weaning and long-yearling in Nellore beef cattle and that uniformity of these traits could be improved by selecting for lower residual variance, when considering a large amount of information to predict genetic merit for this criterion. Simulations suggested that using the two-step approach would lead to biased estimates of variance components, such that more adequate methods are needed to study the genetic heterogeneity of residual variance in beef cattle. 相似文献3.
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Lipid composition of whole roots of wheat (Triticum vulgare Vill. cv. Svenno Spring Wheat) and oat (Avena sativa L. cv. Brighton) and of cell wall fractions, mitochondrial fractions and microsomal fractions of these roots were studied. Lipid composition depended upon the level of mineral nutrition. In wheat total phospholipids, phosphatidyl choline and sulfolipid content was highest in the roots grown at the higher salt concentration, while the reverse was true for oat roots. In both species glycolipid and sterol content was lower in the high salt roots, at the same time as higher proportions of them were built into the microsomal fraction. Phosphatidyl choline content of the wheat root membrane fractions increased with the salt level, while the opposite occurred in the oat roots. The phosphatidyl choline content may be correlated with the (Ca2+, Mg2+)-stimulated ATPase activity. 相似文献
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Although differences in protein staining intensity can often be visualized by difference gel electrophoresis, abundant proteins can obscure less abundant proteins, and quantification of post-translational modifications is difficult. We present a protocol for quantifying changes in the abundance of a specific protein or changes in specific modifications of a protein using in-gel stable isotope labeling. In this protocol protein extracts from any source treated under two experimental conditions are resolved in two separate lanes by gel electrophoresis. Parallel gel regions of interest are reacted separately with either light or heavy isotope-labeled reagents, and the gel slices are then combined and digested with proteases. The resulting peptides are then analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) to determine relative abundance of light- and heavy-isotope lysine-containing peptide pairs and analyzed by LC/MS/MS for identification of sequence and modifications. This protocol should take approximately 24-26 h to complete, including the incubation time for proteolytic digestion. Additional time will be needed for data analysis and interpretation. 相似文献
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Activation by Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, or Mn2+ of adenosine triphosphatases in a microsomal fraction from wheat roots depends upon the growth temperature when the plants are grown under low salt conditions, but not when the plants get a full-strength culture medium. At low ionic strength, cultivation at 25°C gives only half as high activation as cultivation at 18°C or at high ionic strength at both temperatures. Corresponding data for activation of ATPases from oats also show that low ionic strength during growth gives the highest temperature dependence. Low temperature together with low salt conditions during growth gives the highest ATPase activity after stimulation with divalent cations. High growth temperature and full-strength medium decrease the ATPase activity. Activation energies (Ea) were calculated for the two temperature intervals 35–20°C and 20–5°C. The dominating ATPase stimulation (Ca2+ in wheat, Mg2+ in oats) is characterized by high specific activity combined with a low Ea value. The differences in ATPase activity between oats and wheat can be correlated with different cultivation requirements known from agriculture. 相似文献
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Haroldo HR Neves Roberto Carvalheiro Ana M Pérez O’Brien Yuri T Utsunomiya Adriana S do Carmo Flávio S Schenkel Johann S?lkner John C McEwan Curtis P Van Tassell John B Cole Marcos VGB da Silva Sandra A Queiroz Tad S Sonstegard José Fernando Garcia 《遗传、选种与进化》2014,46(1):17