Induction of Antibiotic Resistance in Paramecium tetraurelia by the Bacterial Gene APH-3'-II

We have generated a transformation marker for Paramecium using a Paramecium expression vector (pPXV) and the open reading frame (ORF) of the bacterial antibiotic resistance gene aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase-II (APH-3'-II or neo^r) from the transposon Tn5. The expression vector contained a small multiple cloning site between the 5' and 3' non-coding regions of the calmodulin gene, and Tetrahymena telomere sequences for the stability of the plasmid in Paramecium. After the neo^r ORF was inserted, the plasmid was referred to as pPXV-NEO. Delivery of approximately 10–20 picoliters of linearized PXV-NEO at > 2000 copies/pl into the macronucleus effected 100% transformation. Southern and Northern blot hybridization showed the presence of neo^r-specific DNA and RNA, respectively, in all of the transformed clones but not in the untransformed clones. The degree of resistance to G-418, and the concentrations of neo^r-specific DNA and neo^r-specific RNA in the clones were proportional to the concentration of the vector injected. We have demonstrated that when the linearized plasmid was injected into the macronucleus, the prokaryotic sequence conferred an antibiotic resistance to Paramecium despite codon-usage differences.     

中国石杉属(狭义)小杉兰组的分类学研究

本文将石杉科石杉属(狭义)分为两组,即小杉兰组Sect．Huperzia和蛇足石杉组Sect．Serratae (Rothm．)Holub,对小杉兰组的概念进行了修订并对国产有关种类进行了分类学研究。共记载国产小杉 兰组植物12种1变种,并包括1个新组合:Huperzia quasipolytrichoides(Hayata)Ching var. rectifolia (J．F．Cheng)H．S．Kung et L．B．Zhang,2个新异名:H．hupehensis Ching和H．whangshanensisChing et P．C．Chiu．     

Molecular phylogeography reveals an antitropical distribution and local diversification of Solenogyne (Asteraceae) in the Ryukyu Archipelago of Japan and Australia

An antitropical distribution represents an intriguing disjunction, in which a given species or sister lineages occupy regions north and south of the tropics but are absent from the intervening areas. Solenogyne mikadoi endemic to the Ryukyu Archipelago is regarded as an Australian element. Testing the phylogenetic relationship with Australian congeners and discussing the onset timing and causes of the disjunction would potentially enhance the understanding of antitropical distribution. A nuclear ribosomal DNA phylogeny was reconstructed using Bayesian and most parsimonious criteria with allied genera. Solenogyne was monophyletic and clustered with Lagenophora huegelii endemic to Australia, indicating the antitropical distribution and Australian origin of Solenogyne. Multispecies coalescent analysis based on nuclear ribosomal DNA and chloroplast DNA indicated the divergence of S. mikadoi and Australian congeners in the Plio‐Pleistocene. Phylogenetic network analyses suggested that the ancestral lineage of S. mikadoi first colonized the southernmost island in the archipelago and then dispersed northward. The migration to the archipelago likely followed the flourishing of Solenogyne in open vegetation communities that radiated in south‐eastern Australia during the late Pliocene. This disjunction might arise through long‐distance dispersal across the tropics or, alternatively, through extinction in the tropics as a result of unsuitably high temperatures during climate oscillation and/or competitions from diverse tropical flora surviving since the early Tertiary. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 105 , 197–217.     

Aerobic Respiration of Kappa Particles from Paramecium aurelia,Stock 51*

SYNOPSIS. Kappa particles from killer cultures of stock 51 Paramecium aurelia were purified and their respiration measured polarographically. The slight bacterial contaminations in the kappa preparations were not significant. Freshly collected kappa in dilute buffer at room temperature had an endogenous Q_O2 of 17.0 ± 1.6 μl/mg dry weight/hr (mean ± standard error). The Q_O2 decayed 50% in 5 hr. Among the sugars tested only glucose and sucrose increased the respiratory rate of kappa. The di- and tri-carboxylates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle stimulated the respiration of kappa. KCN, CO and 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide (HOQNO) inhibited respiration. These findings ensure an organismic status for kappa and justify the belief that it is bacterial in origin.     

中国及越南东京毛跳(虫斧)记述

毛跳(虫斧)属(Hespera)隶鞘翅目,(虫斧)科,跳(虫斧)亚科。它和寡毛跳(虫斧)属(Lupero-morpha)近缘,作者在另一报告内曾述及这两属的密切系统关系;由於这种关系,我们在监定寡毛跳(虫斧)类时,亦研究了本属内的中国和越南东京的种类,本文即为这项研究结果的报告。     

白眼家蝇的特性及其在生物测定上的应用

1961年8月,在北京郊区农药厂附近采集了一些家蝇,经过室内培养后,发现有7个白眼家蝇,随即进行分离培养,成为白眼变种品系。 白眼家蝇变种在国内还是第一次发现,国外亦只是近二三年来才有报道(Sullivan及Hiroyoshi,1960;Tsukamoto,1961),他们发现的变种可能属于 Musca domestica domes-tica L.而我们发现的是属于 Musca domestica vicina M.。     

贡嘎山鳞毛蕨属新资料

报道了贡嘎山鳞毛蕨属一新种─—贡嘎鳞毛蕨（Ｄｒｙｏｐｔｅｒｉｓｇｏｎｇｇａｅｎｓｉｓ）和该属的２个四川新记录种。     

贡嘎山耳蕨属新分类群

报道了四川贡嘎山地区耳蕨属５个新分类群,即阔基耳蕨,深裂耳蕨,铺散耳蕨,缺耳耳蕨,寒生耳蕨。     

氰酸气熏蒸防治黑点介壳虫 Parlatoria zizyphus (Lucas)的初步试验

黑点介壳虫Parlatoria zizyphus(Lucas)系福建省柑桔类介壳虫中发生较严重者。目前以及今後对於这种介壳虫及其他介壳虫的防治,无论在柑桔外销或增产上,都有极重大的意义。氰酸气天幕熏蒸是防治介壳虫重要方法之一,植物检验部门曾要