浙江省水鳖科植物的种类与分布

浙江省有水鳖科植物5属8种,均属淡水种类,其中无尾水筛、有尾水筛和密齿苦草为浙江分布新记录。在水平分布上,水筛属分布局限于浙江东南部,苦草属则分布于浙江大部分地区而未见于浙江南部。在垂直分布上,水筛属的种数和分布量,在海拔600米以下,随海拔增高而增加,再向上又有减少的趋势;其余各属的种数和分布量则随海拔增高而减少。它们的分布主要受各自适宜的生境在水平和垂直带的不同分布所制约。浙江水鳖科植物区系与我国亚热带各省区尤其是相邻省的关系十分密切。     

国产西罗莫司与原研品在体内外对细胞影响的比较实验

目的探讨国产西罗莫司与原研品对移植宿主外周血中免疫细胞的影响效果。方法体外实验:人膀胱癌T24细胞体外培养,分别加入国产西罗莫司和原研品,CKK-8法检测并比较细胞增殖活性受抑制的情况。体内实验:建立小鼠异位心脏移植模型,设立对照无手术组(对照组)、移植无治疗组(Tx组)、移植+国产西罗莫司组(Tx+YXK组)、移植+原研品组(Tx+RAPA组)。观察移植心脏搏动情况,受者脾脏的流式细胞学检测,以及脾脏及移植物中免疫细胞浸润的病理检查。流式细胞检测树突状细胞(DC),CD8+细胞和调节性T细胞(Treg),病理组织学检测及免疫组化染色比较两组免疫细胞浸润情况。两组间比较采用独立样本t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,两两比较采用LSD-t检验。结果体外实验结果显示,国产西罗莫司与原研品对T24细胞活力影响的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。体内实验结果显示,Tx组移植心脏于第7天停止搏动,Tx+YXK组和Tx+RAPA组在第10天心脏搏动仍有力、节律正常。(1)脾脏流式细胞检测显示,与对照组、Tx组比较,Tx+RAPA组、Tx+YXK组CD11c+I-A+CD86+DC细胞(15.88±4.73、22.90±3.86比4.51±1.57、5.40±2.54)、CD8+淋巴细胞数量(6.32±0.98、6.75±1.34比3.03±1.12、3.23±0.97)均降低,而Tx+RAPA组CD4+CD25+Foxp3+阳性细胞数量(15.06±3.42比7.87±1.95,10.88±2.08)升高(P均<0.05)。Tx+YXK组和Tx+RAPA组3种免疫细胞数量差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)移植心脏病理免疫细胞组化染色灰度分析,Tx组、Tx+YXK组和Tx+RAPA组CD4,CD8,IDO和CD11b数量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),与Tx组比较,Tx+RAPA组和Tx+YXK组CD11c(25143.52±3525.12比12936.30±766.94、14240.60±3124.67)、Foxp3阳性细胞浸润数量(500.78±238.33比46.05±68.16、49.22±25.82)降低(P均<0.05),Tx+YXK组和Tx+RAPA组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(3)模型动物脾脏病理免疫细胞组化染色灰度分析,Tx组CD 4和CD8阳性细胞浸润数量较Tx+YXK组和Tx+RAPA组少,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),Tx+YXK组和Tx+RAPA组比较,各种细胞染色的IOD值差异均无统计学意义。结论使用国产西罗莫司与原研品两种药物后受者移植心脏和脾脏中的细胞浸润变化一致;在体外对细胞增殖、移植后抗排斥作用和体内免疫细胞的影响表现均一致。     

Astragaloside IV Attenuates Glutamate-Induced Neurotoxicity in PC12 Cells through Raf-MEK-ERK Pathway

Astragaloside IV (AGS-IV) is a main active ingredient of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge, a medicinal herb prescribed as an immunostimulant, hepatoprotective, antiperspirant, a diuretic or a tonic as documented in Chinese Materia Medica. In the present study, we employed a high-throughput comparative proteomic approach based on 2D-nano-LC-MS/MS to investigate the possible mechanism of action involved in the neuroprotective effect of AGS-IV against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. Differential proteins were identified, among which 13 proteins survived the stringent filter criteria and were further included for functional discussion. Two proteins (vimentin and Gap43) were randomly selected, and their expression levels were further confirmed by western blots analysis. The results matched well with those of proteomics. Furthermore, network analysis of protein-protein interactions (PPI) and pathways enrichment with AGS-IV associated proteins were carried out to illustrate its underlying molecular mechanism. Proteins associated with signal transduction, immune system, signaling molecules and interaction, and energy metabolism play important roles in neuroprotective effect of AGS-IV and Raf-MEK-ERK pathway was involved in the neuroprotective effect of AGS-IV against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. This study demonstrates that comparative proteomics based on shotgun approach is a valuable tool for molecular mechanism studies, since it allows the simultaneously evaluate the global proteins alterations.     

Static pressure drives proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells via caveolin-1/ERK1/2 pathway

Intimal hyperplasia plays an important role in various types of vascular remodeling. Mechanical forces derived from blood flow are associated with the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). This contributes to many vascular disorders such as hypertension, atherosclerosis and restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). In this study, we show that static pressure induces the proliferation of VSMC and activates its related signal pathway. VSMC from a rat aorta were treated with different pressures (0, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 mm Hg) in a custom-made pressure incubator for 24 h. The most active proliferation of VSMC was detected at a pressure of 120 mm Hg. VSMC was also incubated under a static pressure of 120 mm Hg for different time intervals (0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h). We found that static pressure significantly stimulates VSMC proliferation. Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation showed a peak at the pressure of 120 mm Hg at 4-h time point. Moreover, caveolin-1 expression was significantly inhibited by rising static pressure. Downregulation of VSMC proliferation could be found after PD98059 (ERK1/2 phosphorylation inhibitor) treatment. Our data also showed that a siRNA-mediated caveolin-1 knock down increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation and VSMC proliferation. These results demonstrate that static pressure promotes VSMC proliferation via the Caveolin-1/ERK1/2 pathway.     

Improvement of the catalytic performance of glycerol kinase from Bacillus subtilis by chromosomal site-directed mutagenesis

Biotechnology Letters - Glycerol kinase is the key enzyme in glycerol metabolism, and its catalytic efficiency has an important effect on glycerol utilization. Based on an analysis of the glycerol...     

Large-area gold nanohole arrays fabricated by one-step method for surface plasmon resonance biochemical sensing

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) nanosensors based on metallic nanohole arrays have been widely reported to detect binding interactions in biological specimens. A simple and effective method for constructing nanoscale arrays is essential for the development of SPR nanosensors. In this work, we report a one-step method to fabricate nanohole arrays by thermal nanoimprinting in the matrix of IPS (Intermediate Polymer Stamp). No additional etching process or supporting substrate is required. The preparation process is simple, time-saving and compatible for roll-to-roll process, potentially allowing mass production. Moreover, the nanohole arrays were integrated into detection platform as SPR sensors to investigate different types of biological binding interactions. The results demonstrate that our one-step method can be used to efficiently fabricate large-area and uniform nanohole arrays for biochemical sensing.     

磷和钾对大灰藓植株生长生理和营养元素的影响

大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme)具有良好的景观效果和应用前景,但生长缓慢且缺少系统的栽培技术研究,对其推广应用有一定影响。该研究分别将磷肥(P)、钾肥(K)、PK复合肥作为一次性基肥使用,研究不同施肥处理下大灰藓的生长生理和营养元素的变化,并用模糊隶属函数法选出最佳施肥处理。结果表明,施肥能显著增加大灰藓的覆盖度,K₁₈处理的植株覆盖度较对照(CK)提高了53.9%。施肥能显著增加植株类胡萝卜素、叶绿素(除K₁₂)、可溶性蛋白(P₂₄、PK₁₂、PK₃₀除外)含量,降低植株可溶性糖含量(除P₂₄、PK₆),P₁₈处理的植株类胡萝卜素和叶绿素含量最高,分别为CK的3.42和2倍。P肥显著增加了植株P含量,以P₁₈的影响最大,为CK的1.33倍;K肥对植株K含量积累的促进作用最好,K₁₈处理的植株K含量最高(为CK的1.62倍)。模糊综合评价表明K_1...     

浙江杜鹃花属植物种子形态及其分类学意义

本文对浙江产杜鹃花属１３个种（录属５个亚属７个组）的种子形态进行了研究。比较观察了种子形状、大小、扁化率,翅和表面结构等形态学特征,井对该属种子形态的演化趋势、种于类型的划分及种子形态在分类学上的意义进行了讨论。结果表明种子形态特征与植物习性和形态特征一定程度上相关,反映了周内类群的分化,因而种子形态在杜鹃花属的系统研究中是不可忽视的性状。