Thermal analysis of the dentine tubule under hot and cold stimuli using fluid–structure interaction simulation

The objective of this study is to compare the thermal stress changes in the tooth microstructures and the hydrodynamic changes of the dental fluid under hot and cold stimuli. The dimension of the microstructures of eleven cats’ teeth was measured by scanning electron microscopy, and the changes in thermal stress during cold and hot stimulation were calculated by 3D fluid–structure interaction modeling. Evaluation of results, following data validation, indicated that the maximum velocities in cold and hot stimuli were ??410.2?±?17.6 and +?205.1?±?8.7 µm/s, respectively. The corresponding data for maximum thermal stress were ??20.27?±?0.79 and +?10.13?±?0.24 cmHg, respectively. The thermal stress caused by cold stimulus could influence almost 2.9 times faster than that caused by hot stimulus, and the durability of the thermal stress caused by hot stimulus was 71% greater than that by cold stimulus under similar conditions. The maximum stress was on the tip of the odontoblast, while the stress in lateral walls of the odontoblast and terminal fibril was very weak. There is hence a higher possibility of pain transmission with activation of stress-sensitive ion channels at the tip of the odontoblast. The maximum thermal stress resulted from the cold stimulus is double that produced by the hot stimulus. There is a higher possibility of pain transmission in the lateral walls of the odontoblast and terminal fibril by releasing mediators during the cold stimulation than the hot stimulation. These two reasons can be associated with a greater pain sensation due to intake of cold liquids.     

Characterization of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates responsible for cholera outbreaks in Kenya between 1975 and 2017

Kenya is endemic for cholera with different waves of outbreaks having been documented since 1971. In recent years, new variants of Vibrio cholerae O1 have emerged and have replaced most of the traditional El Tor biotype globally. These strains also appear to have increased virulence, and it is important to describe and document their phenotypic and genotypic traits. This study characterized 146 V. cholerae O1 isolates from cholera outbreaks that occurred in Kenya between 1975 and 2017. Our study reports that the 1975–1984 strains had typical classical or El Tor biotype characters. New variants of V. cholerae O1 having traits of both classical and El Tor biotypes were observed from 2007 with all strains isolated between 2015 and 2017 being sensitive to polymyxin B and carrying both classical and El Tor type ctxB. All strains were resistant to Phage IV and harbored rstR, rtxC, hlyA, rtxA and tcpA genes specific for El Tor biotype indicating that the strains had an El Tor backbone. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) genotyping differentiated the isolates into 14 pulsotypes. The clustering also corresponded with the year of isolation signifying that the cholera outbreaks occurred as separate waves of different genetic fingerprints exhibiting different genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. The emergence and prevalence of V. cholerae O1 strains carrying El Tor type and classical type ctxB in Kenya are reported. These strains have replaced the typical El Tor biotype in Kenya and are potentially more virulent and easily transmitted within the population.     

R-prime plasmids from Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Rhizobium fredii

The formation of R-prime plasmids was selected in crosses involving soybean microsymbionts with genomic Tn5 insertions and carrying plasmid pJB3JI (with one IS2) copy as donors and Escherichia coli HB101 as recipient. Whereas the parent plasmid was 60 kb, recombinant plasmids between 76 kb and 121 kb were obtained. Restriction and Southern analyses confirmed the mobilization of Tn5 on four R-primes from Bradyrhizobium japonicum I-110 and on an R-prime plasmid from Rhizobium fredii HH303. The largest R-prime plasmid was obtained from the rescue of two symbiotically defective R. fredii mutant strains that required adenosine.Non-standard abbreviation TDP transposon donor pool Scientific article number A-4728 and contribution number 7724 of the Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station     

The polysaccharides of mango seeds (mangifera indica,var. bullock's heart)

Mangoes (Mangifera indica) are grown in many warm regions of the world; for example, in Australia, Brazil, India, South America, and the United States (California and Florida), and along the shores of the Mediterranean sea (Egypt, Italy, and Spain). In Egypt, many varieties yielding delicious fruits are grown in large quantities (50,000 tons annually). Mango kernels are used for feeding mammals and chickens. Starch has been isolated from mango and its physical properties studied.The aim of the present work was to study the polysaccharides present in mango kernels.     

Engineering,Cloning and Expression of Interleukin 2–Com1 Chimera with Aim of Recombinant Subunit Vaccine Production Against Coxiella burnetii

International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics - Query fever is an important disease caused by Coxiella burnetii, therefore vaccination against this disease is so crucial. Com1 is one...     

Alkaline sucrose as a solvent for delivery of water-insoluble drugs

Alkaline sucrose solution was demonstrated to be a good solvent for the solubilization of water-insoluble drugs. At high concentration and alkaline pH, sucrose solubilizes water-insoluble molecules through intramolecular conformations. Tetracyline and chloramphenicol, when dissolved in alkaline sucrose solution, retained their bactericidal activity. Gel permeation-chromatography analysis and atomic-force-microscopy studies confirmed the formation of sucrose-antibiotics complex.     

Presence of sex steroid receptors in normal breast of human females.

Receptors for estradiol, progesterone and dihydrotestosterone have been demonstrated in normal growing breasts of young females below 25 years.     

Role of Melanin in Release of Extracellular Enzymes and Selection of Aggressive Isolates of Bipolaris sorokiniana in Barley

Eighteen barley isolates of Bipolaris sorokiniana belonging to wild and clonal type of black, mixed and white subpopulations were quantitatively assayed for their melanin content and aggressiveness with respect to production of some of the extracellular enzymes such as cellulase, pectinase, amylase and protease. Cellulase and pectinase constituted major portion of the enzymes recovered from the black, mixed and white isolates. Enzyme production and aggressiveness were relatively higher in melanin devoid or low melanin isolates. The melanin deficient isolates were also differentiated from black and mixed isolates on the basis of variation in internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal DNA. Higher enzyme productions positively correlated with area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) and lesion development. Melanin content was negatively correlated with extracellular enzymes and aggressiveness of the isolates. Based on melanin content, lesion size, AUDPC and extracellular enzymes, the isolates were grouped in two major clusters (I and II) with further division of cluster II into two sub-clusters (II-A and II-B). The results appears to indicate a possible role of melanin in release of extracellular enzymes and hence in evolution and selection of aggressive isolates of B. sorokiniana in barley.