平菇属中-新杂交种及双亲酯酶同工酶的比较研究

采用聚丙烯酞胺凝胶垂直平板电泳和薄层等电聚焦电泳法,以单抱杂交筛选的平菇属中一新杂交种和双亲株[佛罗里达侧耳(Pleurorur flortdo)和姬菇(Pleurotus sp)]为材料,对三种平菇子实休的酯酶同工酶进行比较,结果表明:①三种平菇子实体的酯酶同工酶酶谱丰富,酶带多,菌种酶谱稳定特异,不受环境条件、栽培方式和采样时间的影响,可作为菌种选育、检侧和鉴定的有效指标。②杂交种的酯酶同工酶酶谱体现了双亲的酯酶同工酶基因的杂交组合,一部分酶带可在佛罗里达侧耳中出现,另一部分酶带在姬菇中出现。酶谱中出现了典型的互补酶带。⑧不同的发育阶段中的子实体酪酶同工梅酶带基本相同,而酶活性变化较大。     

鹟科五种鸟线粒体DNA序列变化与亲缘关系的研究

首次对鹟科（Muscicapidae）画眉亚科三种鸟----画眉（Garrulax canorus）、红嘴相思鸟（Leiothrix lutea）、棕头雅雀(Paradoxornis webbiana);鸫亚科的乌鸫（Turdinae merula）线粒体DNA的12S rRNA基因片段的DNA序列进行了测定,并与北美画眉亚科弯嘴鹛属（Pomatostomus）的灰冠弯嘴鹛（P.temporalis）同源序列进行分析比较并构建分子进化树。实验结果与传统形态学论述存在一定的差异,与同工酶研究结果相同：画眉与红嘴相思鸟的亲缘关系最近,棕头鸦雀较乌鸫与画眉亚科的关系更近,为将其置于画眉亚科提供了分子证据。 Abstract：The classfication on Muscicapinae disturbed us for a long time.The important thing is to find an appropriate character to resolve it.It is the first time that we testified the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene fragment sequence of four birds (G.canorus,L.lutea,P.webbianus and T.merula-owing to Muscicapinae) and aligned with the same sequence of P.temporalis.Using the mitochondrial 12S rRNA sequences date,we built phylogenetic trees.The results indicated that that the relationship between Garrulax canorus and Leiothrix lutea in the four birds was closer which is congruent with morphology.According to the results of isoenzyme and DNA sequencing data,we can draw a conclusion that Paradoxornis webbianus has closer relationship to Timaliinae than that of Turdus merula,and that putting Paradoxonithinae to Timaliinae was reasonable.     

白鱀豚和某些海豚体内油脂性质的比较研究

白鱀豚(Lipotes vexillifer Miller)是我国特有而又珍贵的动物。关于白鱀豚的分布、分类、形态解剖、生活习性等,我国已有一些论文发表(周开亚等1977,1979),但尚未见到关于油脂成份和性质方面的研究报道。国外近十年来,某些学者认为海豚的体温、声学性质与其油脂的成份有关,并作过某些海豚油脂成份和性质的研究报道。(Morris et al.1973;Tsuyuki et al.1971;Tsuyuki et al.1972)因而,从生理生化角度,探讨白鱀豚,将是一个     

暗纹东方同工酶生化表现型的研究

利用聚丙烯酚胺凝胶垂直平板电泳方法,对暗纹东方的心、肝、肾,肌、性腺５种不同组织的７种同工酶（ＥＳＴ、ＬＤＨ、ＰＯＤ、ＭＤＨ、ＳＯＤ、ＳＤＨ、α－ＡＭＹ）进行了研究,讨论了各同工酶的基因表达谱式,观察到ＥＳＴ同工酶存在着多态现象;ＬＤＨ同工酶有二个基因位点,但只表现３条带,Ａ与Ｂ亚基的结合受阻;ＭＤＨ同工酶存在性别差异,说明决定ＭＤＨ同工酶表达的因素在不同性别中存在差异;ＳＯＤ同工酶有３个基因位点。各同工酶酶谱稳定,有组织特异性,倡ＥＳＴ、ＭＤＨ、ＳＯＤ、ＰＯＤ同工酶在各组织器官中又表现出较大的一致性,有利于物种的鉴定。α－ＡＭＹ与ＳＤＨ只在个别组织中有活性,可能与特定组织与器官的形态发生与机能分化有关。     

江豚MDH与ADH同工酶电泳研究

用琼脂糖凝胶载玻片电泳方法测定了江豚(Neophocaena phocaenoides)体内几种组织的MDH和ADH同工酶。测定结果表明,各组织MDH同工酶酶谱基本相同,ADH同工酶酶谱呈现一定的组织特异性,且各同工酶活性可因底物或pH的改变而变化。     

江豚(Neomeris phocaenoides)某些组织中的LDH同工酶

1957年T.Wieland运用高压电泳方法测定乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性时,发现同一动物个体的不同组织的心、肝、肾、脑和骨胳肌等提取液分别显示出1-6条区带。其后,将这些酶促污性相同而分子形式不同的蛋白质称为同工酶(isoenzyme)。     

鹟科五种鸟线粒体DNA序列变化与亲缘关系的研究

首次对鹟科（Muscicapidae）画眉亚科三种鸟----画眉（Garrulax canorus）、红嘴相思鸟（Leiothrix lutea）、棕头雅雀(Paradoxornis webbiana);鸫亚科的乌鸫（Turdinae merula）线粒体DNA的12S rRNA基因片段的DNA序列进行了测定,并与北美画眉亚科弯嘴鹛属（Pomatostomus）的灰冠弯嘴鹛（P.temporalis）同源序列进行分析比较并构建分子进化树。实验结果与传统形态学论述存在一定的差异,与同工酶研究结果相同：画眉与红嘴相思鸟的亲缘关系最近,棕头鸦雀较乌鸫与画眉亚科的关系更近,为将其置于画眉亚科提供了分子证据。 Abstract：The classfication on Muscicapinae disturbed us for a long time.The important thing is to find an appropriate character to resolve it.It is the first time that we testified the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene fragment sequence of four birds (G.canorus,L.lutea,P.webbianus and T.merula-owing to Muscicapinae) and aligned with the same sequence of P.temporalis.Using the mitochondrial 12S rRNA sequences date,we built phylogenetic trees.The results indicated that that the relationship between Garrulax canorus and Leiothrix lutea in the four birds was closer which is congruent with morphology.According to the results of isoenzyme and DNA sequencing data,we can draw a conclusion that Paradoxornis webbianus has closer relationship to Timaliinae than that of Turdus merula,and that putting Paradoxonithinae to Timaliinae was reasonable.     

白鱀豚和江豚体内几种金属元素和有机氯的研究

本文报道了白鱀豚和江豚体内7种金属元素的组织分布以及有机氯(多氯联苯、六氯苯,滴滴涕)含量方面的研究,为两种动物的保护提出一个值得注意的问题。     

暗纹东方TUN 同工酶生化表现型的研究

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳方法,对暗纹东方|TUN|的心、肝、肾、肌、性腺5种不同组织的7种同工酶(EST、LDH、POD、MDH、SOD、SDH、α-AMY)进行了研究, 讨论了各同工酶的基因表达谱式,观察到EST同工酶存在着多态现象;LDH同工酶有二个基因位点,但只表现3条带,A与B亚基的结合受阻; MDH同工酶存在性别差异,说明决定MDH同工酶表达的因素在不同性别中存在差异;SOD同工酶有3个基因位点。各同工酶酶谱稳定,有组织特异性,但EST、MDH、SOD、POD同工酶在各组织器官中又表现出较大的一致性,有利于物种的鉴定。α-AMY与SDH只在个别组织中有活性,可能与特定组织与器官的形态发生与机能分化有关。 Abstract:By means of polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis seven isozymes(EST.LDH,SOD,MDH,SDH, α-AMY)in heart,liver,kidney,muscle and gonad of Fugu obscurus were studied.The gene expression patterns of each isozyme were analyzed.The results indicated that polymorphism was detected in EST isozymes;LDH isozymes had two loci,but only three bands could be observed,the random association of two subunits(A and B)were restricted;Some MDH isozymes existed sexual differences in identical tissues.The suggested that the factors controlling the expression of MDH isozymes were different between sexes.All the isozyme phenotypes exhibited tissue-specificity and stability,but EST,MDH,SOD and POD isozymes showed relatively consistence in the five tissues.Their characteristic bands could be used in species determination.The activities of SDH andα-AMY isozymes could only be detected in some tissues and closely correlated to the morphological or functional differentiation of those tissues or organs.