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1.
Our objective was to evaluate the usefulness of the germination vs. the X-ray test in determining the initial viability of seeds of five wild species (Moringa peregrina, Abrus precatorius, Arthrocnemum macrostachyum, Acacia ehrenbergiana and Acacia tortilis) from Saudi Arabia. Usually several days were required to determine the viability of all five species via germination tests. However, X-ray test will give immediate results on filled/viable seeds. Seeds of all species, except Acacia ehrenbergiana and Acacia tortilis showed high viability in both germination (96–72% at 25/15 °C, 94–70% at 35/25 °C) and X-ray (100–80%) test. Furthermore, there was a general agreement between the germination (19%, 14% at 25/15 °C and 17% and 12% at 35/25 °C) and X-ray (8%, 4%) tests in which seed viability of Acacia ehrenbergiana and Acacia tortilis was very low due to insect damaged embryo as shown in X-ray analysis. Seeds of Abruspreca torius have physical dormancy, which was broken by scarification in concentrated sulfuric acid (10 min), and they exhibited high viability in both the germination (83% at 25/15 °C and 81% at 35/25 °C) and X-ray (96%) tests. Most of the nongerminated seeds of the five species except those of Acacia ehrenbergiana and Acacia tortilis, were alive as judged by the tetrazolium test (TZ). Thus, for the five species examined, the X-ray test was proved to be a good and rapid predictor of seed viability.  相似文献   
2.
  • Studies on plant electrophysiology are mostly focused on specific traits of single cells. Inspired by the complexity of the signalling network in plants, and by analogy with neurons in human brains, we sought evidence of high complexity in the electrical dynamics of plant signalling and a likely relationship with environmental cues.
  • An EEG‐like standard protocol was adopted for high‐resolution measurements of the electrical signal in Glycine max seedlings. The signals were continuously recorded in the same plants before and after osmotic stimuli with a ?2 MPa mannitol solution. Non‐linear time series analyses methods were used as follows: auto‐correlation and cross‐correlation function, power spectra density function, and complexity of the time series estimated as Approximate Entropy (ApEn).
  • Using Approximate Entropy analysis we found that the level of temporal complexity of the electrical signals was affected by the environmental conditions, decreasing when the plant was subjected to a low osmotic potential. Electrical spikes observed only after stimuli followed a power law distribution, which is indicative of scale invariance.
  • Our results suggest that changes in complexity of the electrical signals could be associated with water stress conditions in plants. We hypothesised that the power law distribution of the spikes could be explained by a self‐organised critical state (SOC) after osmotic stress.
  相似文献   
3.
Climate change may shift interactions of invasive plants, herbivorous insects and native plants, potentially affecting biological control efficacy and non‐target effects on native species. Here, we show how climate warming affects impacts of a multivoltine introduced biocontrol beetle on the non‐target native plant Alternanthera sessilis in China. In field surveys across a latitudinal gradient covering their full distributions, we found beetle damage on A. sessilis increased with rising temperature and plant life history changed from perennial to annual. Experiments showed that elevated temperature changed plant life history and increased insect overwintering, damage and impacts on seedling recruitment. These results suggest that warming can shift phenologies, increase non‐target effect magnitude and increase non‐target effect occurrence by beetle range expansion to additional areas where A. sessilis occurs. This study highlights the importance of understanding how climate change affects species interactions for future biological control of invasive species and conservation of native species.  相似文献   
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1. Plant–plant communication has been found to affect interactions between herbivores and plants in several model systems. In these systems, herbivore‐induced volatile chemical cues are emitted and perceived by other plants (receivers), which subsequently change their defensive phenotypes. Most studies have focused on how the effects of volatile cues affect plant damage, whereas herbivore performance has rarely been examined. 2. In this study, it is shown that plant–plant communication between willows reduced the growth rate, feeding rate, and conversion efficiency of some individuals but not others of a generalist caterpillar, Orgyia vetusta. 3. Using a paired, no‐choice trial design, there was substantial variation between caterpillar individuals in their response to willows that had been induced with a volatile plant–plant cue. This variation was explained by feeding parameters of the individual herbivores. Individuals behaved similarly when fed induced and non‐induced willow leaves. Specifically, growth rates of caterpillars that grew rapidly on non‐induced willow leaves were negatively affected by plant–plant cues, but growth rates of caterpillars that grew slowly on non‐induced willow leaves were not affected by the responses to volatiles from neighbouring willows. 4. Induction by volatile plant–plant cues reduced the growth rates of those individual herbivores that caused the greatest damage to willow, but had little effect on weak growers.  相似文献   
7.
不同浓度IBA、NAA对紫萼龙吐珠扦插生根的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以紫萼龙吐珠Clerodendrum speciosum为试材,采用单因素完全随机设计,研究不同浓度IBA、NAA混合溶液对紫萼龙吐珠扦插生根的影响。结果表明,当NAA为50 mg·L~(-1),IBA为150或200 mg·L~(-1)时,紫萼龙吐珠插穗成活率和生根率最高,可达100%;根系数量、根长最大值分别是对照组的9.4倍和4.9倍;当NAA、IBA分别为50、150 mg·L~(-1)时,根系效果指数在9、11月均较高,最高可达6.42。运用隶属函数法对9、11月扦插各处理组合的生根效果进行综合评价,认为NAA 50 mg·L~(-1)、IBA 150或200 mg·L~(-1)混合溶液处理紫萼龙吐珠插条均最有利于生根,可得到较高的生根质量。  相似文献   
8.
钙离子是一个多功能的第二信使,在植物响应各种生理刺激时,Ca2+参与调节植物的多种生长发育和胁迫适应过程。在这些过程中,Ca2+信号带有特异性标签,通过Ca2+结合蛋白及其下游靶蛋白感知不同刺激并翻译成响应的细胞反应。钙调素(CaM)和钙调素类蛋白(CML)是Ca2+主要感受器,通过调节不同靶蛋白的活性调控多种细胞功能。最近在植物对抗病原菌的防卫反应中有关Ca2+/CaM信号转导系统的研究取得了一定进展。重点关注植物免疫应答过程中受CaM/CML调控的信号组分的研究,包括参与Ca2+信号产生和Ca2+依赖的表达基因组分调控。  相似文献   
9.
能源植物芒草研究进展与综合利用现状   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
芒草是一类多年生的C4草本植物,因其具有生物量大、纤维素含量高、灰分低、热值高、适应性强、生产成本低等诸多优点被认为是目前最具开发潜力的高产纤维类能源植物之一,因而成为国内外关注和研究的热点。综述了国内外能源芒草的研究进展与综合利用现状,并展望了今后的发展前景。  相似文献   
10.
植物肌动蛋白研究的过去及现状   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
肌动蛋白作为一种骨架蛋白广泛存在于植物细胞,有重要的生理功能.综述了植物肌动蛋白的发现及研究现状,着重介绍了植物肌动蛋白的性质、结构和生理功能.  相似文献   
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