山地麻蜥越冬及其耐饥力的观察

据调查,徐州山地麻蜥的入蛰时间为１２月中旬;出蛰时间为翌年２月中旬,冬眠期为２个月左右。生活在丘陵山地的山地麻蜥是穴居在大石块下松土中过冬的。冬眠期的活动与温度高底有一定的关系。冬眠期山地麻蜥有较强的耐饥能力。     

Cold tolerance of New Zealand alpine insects

New Zealand has extensive alpine and subalpine habitats where, together with some lowland sites, insects are exposed to subzero temperatures. Studies of cold tolerance in New Zealand insects have centred on an alpine weta (Hemideina maori), which is the world's largest freezing tolerant insect, and an alpine cockroach (Celatoblatta quinquemaculata). Both of these insects are moderately freezing tolerant and have ice nucleating agents in their haemolymph and guts. There is some evidence for the survival of intracellular ice formation in the isolated gut tissue of C. quinquemaculata. Trehalose is a suggested cryoprotectant in both H. maori and C. quinquemaculata whilst proline also provides this role in H. maori. Cells and tissues of both insects maintain viability and physiological function during freezing to moderately low temperatures but viability declines at lower temperatures, the most vulnerable tissue presumably setting the limit to the survival of the animal. Antifreeze proteins are found in the gut tissue of C. quinquemaculata and may protect this tissue when freezing occurs in the gut. Several other New Zealand insects are also moderately freezing tolerant and the apparent dominance of this cold tolerance strategy in the New Zealand fauna may reflect the relatively mild climate but unpredictable exposure to subzero temperatures that is typical of many Southern Hemisphere environments.     

Targeting Ageing to Decrease Complex Non-Communicable Human Diseases

正During the last two centuries,there have been many spectacular advances in medical science,the main consequence of which has been the dramatically reduced burden of infectious diseases.While in the 1800s many people died before reaching adulthood,nowadays most people survive.Hence average life expectancy in 1800s was around 30—40,which was barely higher than it had been in Greek and Roman times(Finch,2010),but nowadays life expectancy in most modernised economies is     

华南奥陶纪末大灭绝后腕足动物是否存在"小型化效应"?

小型化效应（Lilliput effect）一般是指灭绝事件后生物个体相对于事件前明显变小的一种演化现象。为了更深入研究,文中将它分为狭义与广义两种类型：狭义型是指它的原始定义,专门针对种级分类单元的小型化,因研究条件苛刻而导致相关研究很少;广义型是指高于种级分类单元的小型化,已有一些实例。文章对华南奥陶纪末大灭绝前后“Katian晚期”、“Hirnantian”及“Rhuddanian初期”3个时期的腕足动物个体大小数据,依“属”、“超科”及“目”3级分类单元有选择地进行比较。分析结果表明,奥陶纪末大灭绝后残存期里较低级分类单元（属级）在个体大小变化方面显示较大的差异性,这与二叠纪末大灭绝后普遍的小型化有很大差别,这可能是因为奥陶纪末的灭绝强度远低于后者所致;同一较高级分类单元中不同属级分子个体变化趋势表现出较为一致的现象,反映出它们可能具有相似的灾难应对机制。     

低温对美国白蛾越冬蛹的影响研究

美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea Drury是我国唯一一种被农业、林业共同列为检疫对象的害虫。本论文通过2010与2011年室内测定和室外调查的一系列研究表明,美国白蛾蛹在不同低温处理下随着处理时间的延长存活率逐渐降低。其中,-10℃下处理30 h后几乎没有越冬蛹存活,-15℃下处理3 h后越冬蛹的存活率低于5%,-20℃处理25 min后越冬蛹几乎没有羽化为成虫的个体。0℃低温处理对越冬蛹的低温存活率有重要影响,且随着0℃下处理的时间长短而发生变化,在0℃下处理时间越长则在-10℃下存活率越高。在0℃下处理150 min以后,存活率随处理时间的延长差异不显著。