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1.
本文论述了植物雄性不育的类型、原因、诱导和应用,总结了国内外在这方面的研究成果。重点对植物雄性不育的类型给以分析,从而丰富了遗传多样性的内容,展示了雄性不育理论和应用研究的光明前景。  相似文献   
2.
With unique characteristics such as high surface area, capacity of various functionalization, low weight, high conductivity, thermal and chemical stability, and free radical scavenging, carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fullerene, graphene (oxide), carbon nanohorns (CNHs), and their derivatives have increasingly been utilized in nanomedicine and biomedicine. On the one hand, owing to ever-increasing applications of CNMs in technological and industrial fields as well as presence of combustion-derived CNMs in the ambient air, the skepticism has risen over the adverse effects of CNMs on human being. The influences of CNMs on cardiovascular system and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as atherosclerosis, of which consequences are ischemic heart disease and ischemic stroke, as the main causes of death, is of paramount importance. In this regard, several studies have been devoted to specify the biomedical applications and cardiovascular toxicity of CNMs. Therefore, the aim of this review is to specify the roles and applications of various CNMs in atherosclerosis, and also identify the key role playing parameters in cardiovascular toxicity of CNMs so as to be a clue for prospective deployment of CNMs.  相似文献   
3.
Sphingosine kinase inhibitor (SKI) II has been reported as a dual inhibitor of sphingosine kinases (SKs) 1 and 2 and has been extensively used to prove the involvement of SKs and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in cellular processes. Dihydroceramide desaturase (Des1), the last enzyme in the de novo synthesis of ceramide (Cer), regulates the balance between dihydroceramides (dhCers) and Cers. Both SKs and Des1 have interest as therapeutic targets. Here we show that SKI II is a noncompetitive inhibitor (Ki = 0.3 μM) of Des1 activity with effect also in intact cells without modifying Des1 protein levels. Molecular modeling studies support that the SKI II-induced decrease in Des1 activity could result from inhibition of NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase. SKI II, but not the SK1-specific inhibitor PF-543, provoked a remarkable accumulation of dhCers and their metabolites, while both SKI II and PF-543 reduced S1P to almost undetectable levels. SKI II, but not PF543, reduced cell proliferation with accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase. SKI II, but not PF543, induced autophagy. These overall findings should be taken into account when using SKI II as a pharmacological tool, as some of the effects attributed to decreased S1P may actually be caused by augmented dhCers and/or their metabolites.  相似文献   
4.
Vegetable crops in the southeastern United States are commonly grown on plastic mulch with two crop cycles produced on a single mulch application. Field trials were conducted in 2013 and 2014 in two locations to evaluate the efficacy of fluensulfone for controlling Meloidogyne spp. when applied through drip irrigation to cucumber in a tomato–cucumber double-cropping system. In the spring tomato crop, 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), fluensulfone, and a resistant cultivar significantly decreased root galling by 91%, 73%, and 97%, respectively, compared to the untreated control. Tomato plots from the spring were divided into split plots for the fall where the main plots were the spring treatment and the subplots were cucumber either treated with fluensulfone (3.0 kg a.i./ha. via drip irrigation) or left untreated. The fall application of fluensulfone improved cucumber vigor and reduced gall ratings compared to untreated subplots. Fluensulfone reduced damage from root-knot nematodes when applied to the first crop as well as provided additional protection to the second crop when it was applied through a drip system.  相似文献   
5.
蜜蜂化学生态学化学通讯与信息素研究进展   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
孟宪佐 《生态学报》1997,17(1):83-90
概括了蜜蜂化学生态学的主要研究内容和领域,重点评述了蜂群内的化学通讯和蜜蜂信息素研究的进展。迄今,已经鉴定的蜂王信息素有9-氧化-(反)-2-癸烯酸(9-ODA),R(一)-9-羟基癸烯酸R(一)-9HDA),S(+)-9-羟基癸烯酸(S(+)-9HDA),对-羟基苯甲酸甲酯(HOB)和4-羟基-3-甲本基乙醇(HVA)等5种;工蜂那氏信息互膛牛醇,橙花醇,(反,反)-法尼醇,(反)柠檬醛,(顺)  相似文献   
6.
7.
In sesquioxide-rich soils of tropical and subtropical areas and volcanic-ash soils with high levels of active Al(Fe), large amounts of phosphate fertilizers are needed to overcome their high P-fixation capacity (quenching strategy). A greenhouse pot experiment has been used to evaluate the effectiveness of city refuse compost (CRC) as a P-source for these variable-charge soils, compared to inorganic P. Mature CRC and K2HPO4 were applied at rates equivalent to 125, 250, 375, 500 and 625 kg P ha–1 to a ferrallitic soils from Tenerife Island (Andeptic Paleudult) with a high content in active Al+Fe (4.82%) and a high P-fixation capacity (87%). Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) was grown in pots and plants were harvested at regular intervals after seedling emergence. CRC increases plant P concentration and soil labile-P proportional to the applied rate. The best results were obtained from a compost application of 30 t ha–1 equivalent-rate, after a residence time of at least three months. An important residual effect in the supply capacity of P in relation to the phosphate fertilizer was also observed. The relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE) in comparison to K2HPO4 was 66% after 6 months, considering P uptake + soil labile-P. The soil P-fixation capacity was significantly reduced from a compost application of 40 t ha–1 equivalent-rate. Competition in adsorption between organic ligands and phosphate, in combination with net mineralization of organic P in compost, might account for the high RAE value obtained. The main conclusion is that the city refuse compost could be a suitable P-amendment for resquioxic soils due to its high RAE, and the residual effect on P-supply. ei]H. Lambers  相似文献   
8.
Biological nitrogen fixation for sustainable agriculture: A perspective   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
The economic and environmental costs of the heavy use of chemical N fertilizers in agriculture are a global concern. Sustainability considerations mandate that alternatives to N fertilizers must be urgently sought. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), a microbiological process which converts atmospheric nitrogen into a plant-usable form, offers this alternative. Nitrogen-fixing systems offer an economically attractive and ecologically sound means of reducing external inputs and improving internal resources. Symbiotic systems such as that of legumes and Rhizobium can be a major source of N in most cropping systems and that of Azolla and Anabaena can be of particular value to flooded rice crop. Nitrogen fixation by associative and free-living microorganisms can also be important. However, scientific and socio-cultural constraints limit the utilization of BNF systems in agriculture. While several environmental factors that affect BNF have been studied, uncertainties still remain on how organisms respond to a given situation. In the case of legumes, ecological models that predict the likelihood and the magnitude of response to rhizobial inoculation are now becoming available. Molecular biology has made it possible to introduce choice attributes into nitrogen-fixing organisms but limited knowledge on how they interact with the environment makes it difficult to tailor organisms to order. The difficulty in detecting introduced organisms in the field is still a major obstacle to assessing the success or failure of inoculation. Production-level problems and socio-cultural factors also limit the integration of BNF systems into actual farming situations. Maximum benefit can be realized only through analysis and resolution of major constraints to BNF performance in the field and adoption and use of the technology by farmers.  相似文献   
9.
水稻种衣剂对秧苗生理生化及叶绿素荧光参数的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以‘深两优5814’水稻种子为试验材料,用2.5%吡·咪、3%恶·咪、锐胜和适乐时分别包衣种子,测定水稻幼苗抗氧化酶活性、MDA含量、GSH含量、叶绿素含量和叶绿素荧光参数,探讨种衣剂对幼苗的胁迫机理,为种衣剂的安全高效应用提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)种衣剂能提高水稻幼苗的抗氧化酶活性,播种后14d,2.5%吡·咪和锐胜处理组叶片的SOD活性上升,3%恶·咪处理组叶片的POD活性上升;播种后22d,2.5%吡·咪和3%恶·咪处理组叶片的CAT活性上升;播种后26d,锐胜和适乐时处理组叶片的CAT活性上升;2.5%吡·咪和3%恶·咪显著提高了播种后22d叶片的MDA含量。4种种衣剂均能提升幼苗叶片GSH含量,并以3%恶·咪的提升效果最为明显。(2)4种种衣剂均能降低叶绿素含量,但随培养时间的延长叶片内叶绿素含量逐渐恢复到正常水平。(3)4种种衣剂对水稻叶片最大光化学效率φPo无显著影响,吸光性能指数PIABS值也未呈下降趋势,比活性参数ABS/CSM值随培养时间的延长出现下降趋势,其中以3%恶·咪处理组下降最为明显;同时,3%恶·咪处理组叶片的热耗散DIo/CSM值也显著高于对照。研究认为,各种衣剂对水稻幼苗生长造成了一定的胁迫,但水稻自身防御体系能有效缓解农药胁迫作用,种衣剂的使用处于安全水平,但3%恶·咪的胁迫较严重,使用效果较差。  相似文献   
10.
近年来定量蛋白组学技术迅速发展,目前常用的有双向荧光差异凝胶电泳、同位素亲和标记、15N同位素标记、同位素标记相对和绝对定量和细胞培养条件下稳定同位素标记技术等。同位素标记相对和绝对定量技术以其高通量、高灵敏度、高重复性、高动态检测限和能对各种复杂样品进行相对和绝对定量研究等优势而备受研究者青睐,目前已发展到在同一实验中分析8组样品,增加了实验设计的灵活性。我们就同位素标记相对和绝对定量技术在定量蛋白组史中的地位作用、研究策略,以及在病毒致病机制研究和医药临床相关问题中的应用做简要综述。  相似文献   
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