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The accumulation and perpetuation of viral pathogens over generations of clonal propagation in crop species such as sweetpotato, Ipomoea batatas, inevitably result in a reduction in crop yield and quality. This study was conducted at Bundaberg, Australia to compare the productivity of field‐derived and pathogen‐tested (PT) clones of 14 sweetpotato cultivars and the yield benefits of using healthy planting materials. The field‐derived clonal materials were exposed to the endemic viruses, while the PT clones were subjected to thermotherapy and meristem‐tip culture to eliminate viral pathogens. The plants were indexed for viruses using nitrocellulose membrane‐enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and graft‐inoculations onto Ipomoea setosa. A net benefit of 38% in storage root yield was realised from using PT materials in this study. Conversely, in a similar study previously conducted at Kerevat, Papua New Guinea (PNG), a net deficit of 36% was realised. This reinforced our finding that the response to pathogen testing was cultivar dependent and that the PNG cultivars in these studies generally exhibited increased tolerance to the endemic viruses present at the respective trial sites as manifested in their lack of response from the use of PT clones. They may be useful sources for future resistance breeding efforts. Nonetheless, the potential economic gain from using PT stocks necessitates the use of pathogen testing on virus‐susceptible commercial cultivars.  相似文献   
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黄河三角洲盐碱地条件下不同甘薯品种耐盐性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用北方薯区当前生产上广泛种植的甘薯新品种,在黄河三角洲盐碱地上开展种植试验,以期选育耐盐甘薯品种。对每个测试品种的重要农艺性状及盐离子含量进行分析。结果表明不同甘薯品种的耐盐性存在差异。除叶片数、分枝数、分枝长度无显著性差异外,其他农艺性状如总鲜重、鲜薯产量、薯块干率、薯干产量、薯块数等都在不同品种中达到显著水平,建议耐盐性的评价指标应以鲜薯和薯干产量为主。对甘薯新生叶片、成熟叶片、须根、块根等不同器官进行Cl-、Ca2+、Na+和K+的含量分析,结果表明不同品种其不同器官中各种盐离子含量差异显著,暗示不同基因型耐盐机制存在差异。基于对鲜薯和薯干产量的比较,筛选出耐盐碱的品种,主要有‘泰中9号’、‘苏薯7号’、‘龙薯1号’、‘徐薯18’等。同时,对甘薯种植前后的土壤总盐分和营养成分的分析显示:甘薯收获后,土壤中的含盐量显著降低。本研究为沿海滩涂培育和种植耐盐碱甘薯新品种进行了有益的尝试,同时也为盐碱地改良和生物质能原材料种植提供了思路。  相似文献   
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We conducted three experiments for management of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype ‘B’ on tomatoes under greenhouse conditions: (i) vertically placing yellow sticky cards either parallel or perpendicular to tomato rows at a rate of 1 per 3‐m row; (ii) releasing Eretmocerus sp. nr. rajasthanicus once at 30 adults/m2 in the high whitefly density greenhouses (> 10 adults/plant), or twice at 15 adults/m2 at a 5‐day interval in the low whitefly density greenhouses (< 10 adults/plant); and (iii) using combinations of yellow sticky cards that were placed vertically parallel to tomato rows and parasitoids released once at 30/m2 in high whitefly density greenhouses or twice at 15/m2 at a 5‐day interval in low whitefly density greenhouses. Our data show that yellow sticky cards trapped B. tabaci adults and significantly reduced whitefly populations on tomato. The yellow sticky cards that were placed parallel to tomato rows caught significantly more whitefly adults than those placed perpendicular to tomato rows on every sampling date. In the treatment where parasitoids were released once at 30/m2 in high whitefly density greenhouses, the number of live whitefly nymphs were reduced from 4.6/leaf to 2.9/leaf in 40 days as compared with those on untreated plants on which live whitefly nymphs increased from 4.4/leaf to 8.9/leaf. In the treatment where parasitoids were released twice at 15/m2 in low whitefly density greenhouses, the numbers of live nymphs of B. tabaci on tomato leaves were reduced from 2.1/leaf to 1.7/leaf in 20 days as compared with those on untreated plants on which numbers of live nymphs of B. tabaci increased from 2.2/leaf to 4.5/leaf. In the treatment of yellow sticky cards and parasitoid release once at 30/m2 in high whitefly density greenhouses, the numbers of live nymphs of B. tabaci on tomato leaves were reduced from 7.2/leaf to 1.9/leaf, and in the treatment of yellow sticky cards and parasitoid release twice at 15/m2 at a 5‐day interval at low whitefly density, the numbers of live nymphs of B. tabaci on tomato leaves were reduced from 2.5/leaf to 0.8/leaf; whereas the numbers of live nymphs of B. tabaci on untreated plants increased from 4.4/leaf to 8.9/leaf. An integrated program for management of B. tabaci on greenhouse vegetables by using yellow sticky cards, parasitoids and biorational insecticides is discussed.  相似文献   
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光合性能是决定作物产量形成的关键,氮肥的合理施用是调控作物光合特性和产量形成的重要措施.于2016—2017年开展盆栽试验,研究了减氮和施肥方式对甘薯叶片光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性的影响.试验以常规习惯基施氮肥100 kg·hm-2为对照(FP),在常规施氮量的基础上减氮20%,同时设置3种氮肥运筹方式:100%基施(JS)、100%移栽后35 d追施(KS)、50%基施+50%移栽后35 d追施(FS).结果表明:与常规基施氮肥100 kg·hm-2相比,减氮条件下氮肥全部基施显著降低了全生育期甘薯光合性能,但追施处理显著提高了块根膨大期净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和叶绿素(Chl a+b)含量.不同处理下,PngsCi和Chl a+b均以50%基施+50%追施处理最高.减氮分施处理甘薯块根膨大期的PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)、光化学淬灭系数(qP)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo) 提高,而初始荧光(Fo)和非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)则降低.氮肥分施通过提高PSⅡ的光化学效率和电子传递速率,降低光能的热耗散,提高了甘薯块根膨大期功能叶的光合速率.2个品种不同年际间表现相同.表明氮肥一次性基施或追施均不利于提高甘薯叶片光合性能.减氮20%水平下,50%基施+50%追施可减缓叶片早衰,延长叶片功能期,提高甘薯的光合生产能力和生物量,有利于产量形成.  相似文献   
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通过2017和2018两年的田间试验研究了小麦秸秆还田和施肥对土壤肥力、酶活性以及鲜食甘薯产量和品质的影响。试验设5个处理:秸秆不还田+常规施肥(CK)、小麦秸秆半量还田+常规施肥(50%S)、小麦秸秆全量还田+不施肥(100%S-F)、小麦秸秆全量还田+常规施肥(100%S)、小麦秸秆全量还田+常规施肥+150 kg·hm-2氮肥(100%S+N)。结果表明:秸秆还田施肥处理显著提高了土壤中的有效磷、碱解氮、总氮和有机质含量,显著提高了土壤过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性。秸秆还田施肥处理均显著提高了薯块产量、单薯鲜重和商品薯率,其中50%S处理下薯块产量最低。2年的秸秆还田处理下,薯块产量和商品薯率均在100%S处理下最高。2年的秸秆还田施肥处理总体上提高了甘薯的淀粉和蛋白质含量,但100%S和100%S+N处理均降低了甘薯还原糖和可溶性糖含量。可见,小麦秸秆全量还田的效果优于半量还田,与常规施肥配合下薯块产量和商品薯率最高,但影响食用口感,实际生产中可适当减少氮肥用量。  相似文献   
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菜用和观赏甘薯种质资源遗传多样性分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了发掘菜用和观赏甘薯优异种质资源,通过对国家种质徐州甘薯试管苗库中1000余份资源材料进行鉴定,筛选了96份优异种质。利用30对SSR引物对入选材料进行了遗传多样性和群体结构分析,明确了这些材料遗传差异;并对入选材料12个表型质量性状进行主成分和聚类分析。结果表明:扩增的总条带数为275条,其中多态性条带为269条,多态率97.8%;利用DPS软件计算入选材料间的Nei72遗传距离为0.15~0.76,平均遗传距离0.66;群体结构分为3个组群,与分子标记聚类结果相似,表明入选材料有较大的遗传差异性;表型质量性状主成分分析得到5个主要成分,其累计贡献率达到80.50%;利用表型质量性状,可聚为8个组群。本研究通过分子标记与表型质量性状分析为下一步杂交选育菜用和观赏甘薯新品种提供了亲本选择信息。  相似文献   
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泉薯830系福建省泉州市农业科学研究所选育的菜用甘薯新品种,具有茎叶生长快,产量高,食用品质佳等优点,适宜作为蔬菜利用;单次采收产量达30t/hm^2左右,具有良好的推广和应用前景。栽培上要采取合理密植、及时施肥、适时采收等配套管理技术。  相似文献   
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