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排序方式: 共有1715条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
基于 DArT 标记的三疣梭子蟹地理种群遗传多样性分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
三疣梭子蟹是中国重要的水产养殖动物。目前,其养殖业的蟹苗主要还是依靠野生资源,但种质(生长速度、肌肉品质和抗病性)退化现象严重,因此迫切需要了解个体、种群和物种遗传多样性。报道了一种检测三疣梭子蟹多样性芯片技术(diversityarraystechnology,DART)。DArT技术采用芯片可同时检测数百个基因座,即使没有基因组DNA序列信息也可以分析遗传多态性。采用了风tL/TaqI复杂性降低方法,多态性效率为12.5%。利用多样性芯片杂交获得313个DArT标记。这些DArT标记用于点制多态性富集芯片,DArT标记具有较高的多态性信息含量(polymorphisminformationcontent,PIC)。最后根据0/1矩阵获得UPGMA系统进化树,结果表明样品间的遗传多样性与文献报道一致。芯片质量检测中包括赋值重复性为99.1%,同一样品不同个体间的差异不显著,其差异介于0.7%~1.6%。研究表明,DArT技术具有高通量和低成本的显著特点,该技术可为三疣梭子蟹资源保护和良种选育提供支持。  相似文献   
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In order to understand better the ecology of the temperate species Quercus petraea and the sub-Mediterranean species Quercus pyrenaica, two deciduous oaks, seedlings were raised in two contrasting light environments (SH, 5.3% full sunlight vs. HL, 70% full sunlight) for 2 years, and a subset of the SH seedlings were transferred to HL (SH–HL) in the summer of the second year. We predicted that Q. pyrenaica would behave more as a stress-tolerant species, with lower specific leaf area (SLA), allocation to leaf mass, and growth rate and less responsiveness to light in these metrics, than Q. petraea, presumed to be more competitive when resources, especially light and water, are abundant. Seedlings of Q. petraea had larger leaves with higher SLA, and exhibited a greater relative growth rate (RGR) in both SH and HL. They also displayed a higher proportion of biomass in stems (SMF), and a lower root to shoot ratio (R/S) in HL than those of Q. pyrenaica, which sprouted profusely, and had higher rates of photosynthesis (An) and stomatal conductance (gwv), but lower whole-plant net assimilation rate (NAR). On exposure to a sudden increase in light, SH–HL seedlings of both species showed a short period of photoinhibition, but fully acclimated photosynthetic features within 46 days after transference; height, main stem diameter, RGR and NAR all increased at the end of the experiment compared to SH seedlings, with these increases more pronounced in Q. petraea. Observed differences in traits and responses to light confirmed a contrasting ecology at the seedling stage in Q. petraea and Q. pyrenaica in consonance with differences in their overall distribution. We discuss how the characteristics of Q. petraea may limit the availability of suitable regeneration niches to microsites of high-resource availability in marginal populations of Mediterranean climate, with potential negative consequences for its recruitment under predicted climatic changes.  相似文献   
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Headwater species and peripheral populations that occupy habitat at the edge of a species range may hold an increased conservation value to managers due to their potential to maximize intraspecies diversity and species' adaptive capabilities in the context of rapid environmental change. The southern Appalachian Mountains are the southern extent of the geographic range of native Salvelinus fontinalis and naturalized Oncorhynchus mykiss and Salmo trutta in eastern North America. We predicted distributions of these peripheral, headwater wild trout populations at a fine scale to serve as a planning and management tool for resource managers to maximize resistance and resilience of these populations in the face of anthropogenic stressors. We developed correlative logistic regression models to predict occurrence of brook trout, rainbow trout, and brown trout for every interconfluence stream reach in the study area. A stream network was generated to capture a more consistent representation of headwater streams. Each of the final models had four significant metrics in common: stream order, fragmentation, precipitation, and land cover. Strahler stream order was found to be the most influential variable in two of the three final models and the second most influential variable in the other model. Greater than 70% presence accuracy was achieved for all three models. The underrepresentation of headwater streams in commonly used hydrography datasets is an important consideration that warrants close examination when forecasting headwater species distributions and range estimates. Additionally, it appears that a relative watershed position metric (e.g., stream order) is an important surrogate variable (even when elevation is included) for biotic interactions across the landscape in areas where headwater species distributions are influenced by topographical gradients.  相似文献   
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Biochemical genetic polymorphism in cod from several fjords in Troms, northern Norway was analysed. Gene frequencies at several polymorphic loci ( Hb, Pgi, Ldh, Pgm, Gpd and Idh ) are given. Significant variation was found both within and between fjords, and even between samples from the same locality sampled in different years, indicating a mosaic structure of the cod population in the area studied. The results of the haemoglobin variation are compared to similar results obtained more than 20 years ago in the same and adjacent areas. The biochemical genetic variation is discussed in relation to stability of gene frequencies, isolation mechanisms and migration patterns.  相似文献   
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Analysis of variation at 10 polymorphic isoenzyme loci in 51 European populations of Pinus sylvestris both from its main continuous range and from isolated, marginal populations out of the continuous range, revealed differences in genetic structure. The highest genetic richness, measured as mean number of alleles per locus, was recorded for populations from the Iberian Peninsula, followed by those from Scotland and the Balkans. Marginal, isolated populations were characterized by much greater interpopulation variation than populations from the continuous range of the species. The highest mean observed heterozygosity was recorded for the Iberian populations. The highest gene flow was observed among populations in the continuous range of the species. The populations could be classified into five groups based on genetic similarities. Populations from the continuous range formed one group, those from Spain two groups, pines from Scotland one group and those from the Balkans one group. One population from Scotland was found to be most distinct from the other Scottish pines and was found to be grouped with the Balkan populations. The occurrence and frequencies of rare alleles in the populations showed a characteristic pattern, suggesting that populations from the Iberian Peninsula probably did not participate in the colonization of Europe by Pinus sylvestris after the last glaciation. In contrast, the migration of populations from the Balkan refugium into Central and Western Europe had a significant effect on the contemporary gene pools of populations of Pinus sylvestris in its continuous range.  相似文献   
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古田山国家级自然保护区甜槠林优势种群生态位   总被引:25,自引:7,他引:18  
胡正华  钱海源  于明坚 《生态学报》2009,29(7):3670-3677
采用样方法进行不同资源位群落调查,利用生态位宽度、生态位相似性比例和生态位重叠公式测试了古田山国家自然保护区甜槠林14个优势种群[甜槠(Castanopsis eyrei)、木荷(Schima superba)、马银花(Rhododendron ovatum)、檵木(Loropetalum chinensis)、麂角杜鹃(Rhododendron latoucheae)、虎皮楠(Daphniphyllum macropodum)、马尾松(Pinus massoniana)、青冈(Cyclobalanopsis glauca)、乌饭树(Vaccinium bracteatum)、石栎(Lithocarpus glaber)、赤楠(Syzygium buxifolium)、石楠(Photinia serrulata)、栲树(Castanopsis fargesii)、钩栗(Castanopsis tibetana)]的生态位.结果表明:甜槠和木荷的生态位宽度较大,其Bi、Ba分别为0.8703、0.8528和0.8446、0.7824;而石楠、栲树和钩栗的生态位宽度较小,其Bi、Ba分别为0.2956、0.1359,0.2953、0.1356和0.2684、0.1064.生态位宽度较大的物种之间的生态相似性比例较大,如甜槠与木荷、甜槠与马银花、木荷与马银花的生态相似性比例分别为0.7630、0.7252和0.6452;对生境需求有较大相似性的生态位宽度不同的物种其生态位相似比例也会较高,如木荷与马尾松生态位相似比为0.6866.生态位宽度较大的树种间生态位重叠较大,如甜槠、木荷、马银花等.甜槠林中生态位重叠值大于0.1的有39对,仅占21.4%,生态位重叠值不大,表明甜槠林中因利用相同的资源位而产生的种间竞争并不激烈,是一个稳定的森林群落.  相似文献   
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L. G. Firbank 《Oecologia》1993,94(3):351-355
The changing populations of weeds during 13 years of the Broadbalk continuous wheat experiment were analysed to investigate the extent of differences in shortterm variability of cover between species. The data were from two sections of the experiment where winter wheat was grown continuously under herbicide treatment for 13 and 6 years respectively. Logistic regressions were fitted to the data. Equisetum arvense showed significant long-term increases on both sections; long-term trends were also detected in the longer data run for Agrostis stolonifera, Cirsium arvensa, Poa trivialis, Ranunculus arvensis and Vicia sativa, and for Medicago lupulina on the shorter data run. Variation around long-term trends was low in the case of Equisetum, and, in the longer data run, for Cirsium and Tussilago farfara, and high for Poa spp. and Vicia. Cover values on the two sections were positively correlated for Alopecurus myosuroides, Equisetum, Poa annua and Tripleurospermum inodorum. There was a weak correlation between C-S-R strategy and short-term variability; the more competitive species displayed less variability than the ruderal species. Furthermore, species regenerating from persistent seed banks were more variable in the short term than those regenerating from short-lived seed or bud banks. This can be explained by differences in response to year-to-year variation in environmental conditions, those species with persistent seed banks being typically more sensitive to annual fluctuations in the environment than those without.  相似文献   
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Isoelectric focusing (IEF) of protein extracts, -Esterase and Phosphoglucose isomerase, from groups of Artemia adults from different bisexual populations were studied. Both gave clear separation between the Old and New World species. The second was more polymorphic, allowing a discrimination among Mediterranean populations.  相似文献   
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