全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2144篇 |
免费 | 401篇 |
国内免费 | 436篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 69篇 |
2022年 | 80篇 |
2021年 | 81篇 |
2020年 | 98篇 |
2019年 | 102篇 |
2018年 | 113篇 |
2017年 | 99篇 |
2016年 | 118篇 |
2015年 | 112篇 |
2014年 | 174篇 |
2013年 | 165篇 |
2012年 | 127篇 |
2011年 | 180篇 |
2010年 | 135篇 |
2009年 | 166篇 |
2008年 | 108篇 |
2007年 | 160篇 |
2006年 | 113篇 |
2005年 | 120篇 |
2004年 | 68篇 |
2003年 | 61篇 |
2002年 | 78篇 |
2001年 | 54篇 |
2000年 | 54篇 |
1999年 | 40篇 |
1998年 | 36篇 |
1997年 | 26篇 |
1996年 | 40篇 |
1995年 | 24篇 |
1994年 | 32篇 |
1993年 | 20篇 |
1992年 | 18篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 14篇 |
1989年 | 16篇 |
1988年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2981条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
了解城市内河中病原菌含量对城市生态安全具有重要意义。应用定量PCR( qPCR)方法,对宁波市城区6条重要内河水体中的病原菌含量及主要水质指标进行分析。结果表明,祖关山河、苏家河、南北河、后西河、史魏家河和直落河每升水体中含有病原菌基因的拷贝数分别为:3.34×105、1.47×105、4.68×105、1.75×106、9.65×106和1.33×106;且病原菌基因的含量与水体溶解氧负相关,与总氮、氨氮、浊度、总磷、高锰酸钾指数、叶绿素a和电导率呈正相关关系,但与水体透明度、温度和酸碱度无明显关系。定量PCR分析结果可望为评价城市内河水体质量提供重要参考。 相似文献
4.
3种滨藜属牧草苗期叶片解剖结构及生理特性对干旱的响应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过盆栽控水试验,设置5个干旱胁迫水平,分别为最大田间持水量的80%(CK)、60%(轻度胁迫)、45%(中度胁迫)、30%(重度胁迫)、20%(极重度胁迫),并同步设计充足灌水后自然干旱实验,测定干旱胁迫对3种滨藜属牧草叶片形态解剖结构、叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量、净光合速率、可溶性糖含量、质膜相对透性和丙二醛含量等生理生化指标的影响,以明确3种滨藜属牧草的抗旱特性,并探索其抗旱机理。结果表明:(1)3种滨藜属牧草均具有适应旱生环境的典型叶片结构特征,即在干旱胁迫条件下叶片组织结构形态表现为叶片栅栏组织逐渐变薄,而海绵组织在胁迫早期先变薄后增厚的现象,叶肉组织结构紧密度也出现了先降低后增高的规律。(2)随着干旱胁迫的加剧,叶片的可溶性糖含量增加,而其相对含水量减少,3种滨藜属牧草在土壤含水量很低的情况下叶片仍能保持高于52%的相对含水量。(3)在干旱胁迫下,3种滨藜属牧草叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率都发生显著变化,细胞膜受到的伤害程度有明显差异。(4)3种滨藜属牧草抗旱能力均较强,在干旱胁迫下其抗旱性综合表现为灰白滨藜变种1灰白滨藜变种2四翅滨藜。 相似文献
5.
中温碱性脂肪酶的研究——Ⅲ.扩展青霉PF868变株碱性脂肪酶的纯化及其酶学性质 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
扩展青霉PF868变株发酵液经硫酸铵盐析和Sephadex-G-200及Sepharose4B柱层析纯化,获得纯化倍数为32.4的酶粉.该酶分子量为23442Dal.酶学特性表明:该酶的最适作用温度为32℃,50℃保温30min仍保留50%酶活性,最适pH为9.0,作用pH稳定范围在7.0—10.0之间.Ca~(2+)Mg~(2+)对酶有激活作用.Fe~(2+)、Cu~(2+)和Mn~(2+)对酶活力有抑制作用. 相似文献
6.
7.
Evaluating the Usefulness of Compulsory Licensing in Developing Countries: A Comparative Study of Thai and Brazilian Experiences Regarding Access to Aids Treatments 下载免费PDF全文
Samira Guennif 《Developing world bioethics》2017,17(2):90-99
While compulsory licensing (CL) is described in the TRIPS agreement as flexibility to protect public health by improving access to medicines in developing countries, a recent literature contends adversely that CL may harm public health. Therefore, this article intends to evaluate the usefulness of CL in the South through the prism of obligations and goals entrusted to patent holders (the effective and non‐abusive exploitation of patents in order to achieve industrial and health developments) and in light of experiences in Thailand and Brazil regarding access to antiretroviral drugs. In this way, it shows that the obligations assigned to patent holders were better served by the recipients of CL and brought significant health and industrial benefits in the two high middle‐income countries. In particular, CL allowed the scaling‐up of free and universal access to antiretroviral drugs by assuring the financial sustainability of these public health programs endangered by monopolistic practices from patent holders. 相似文献
8.
Thermal tolerance and recovery behaviour of Thorectes lusitanicus (Coleoptera,Geotrupidae) 下载免费PDF全文
BELÉN GALLEGO JOSÉ R. VERDÚ LUIS M. CARRASCAL JORGE M. LOBO 《Ecological Entomology》2017,42(6):758-767
1. Population differences in physiological responses are examined in Thorectes lusitanicus, an endemic Iberian dung beetle species, by submitting individuals of different populations to the same experimental and acclimation conditions. 2. An infrared thermography protocol was used, consisting of three assays: start of activity, cold response, and heat response. Individuals of 12 populations were studied and the comparative explanatory capacities of several environmental factors in relation to the observed inter‐population differences were examined. 3. The heating rate from chill coma to the beginning of activity was the variable with the highest discrimination power among the studied populations, accounting for 94% of the observed variance. Regarding the heat response, only six of the 16 thermal variables reached significance (inter‐population differences accounted for 52–74% in these six thermal parameters). 4. From the three considered environmental factors (Mediterranean climate, land cover, and trophic characteristics) only land cover characteristics remain statistically significant, affecting the cold response of individuals. 5. Thorectes lusitanicus is a species characterised by a high diversity of thermotolerance and recovery traits across populations with a low degree of association with broad environmental factors. Finally, it is suggested that the apterous character of this species could be a determinant factor explaining the high diversity of ecophysiological traits related to thermal stress tolerance and the recovery time. 相似文献
9.
不同树种混交林及其纯林对土壤理化性质影响的研究 总被引:41,自引:11,他引:30
对针阔混交林土壤理化性质的研究表明,针阔混交林比针叶树纯林对土壤的改良作用要好,它使土壤总孔隙度增加2—19%,水分含量增加6—31%,枯枝落叶年凋落量增加2—200%;土壤养分含量全N、NH4-N、代换性Ca、代换性Mg和腐殖质含量分别增加45—75%、33—82%、55—85%、44—84%和37—46%. 相似文献
10.
Marat A. Ziganshin Radik A. Larionov Alexander V. Gerasimov Sufia A. Ziganshina Alexander E. Klimovitskii Khasan R. Khayarov Timur A. Mukhametzyanov Valery V. Gorbatchuk 《Journal of peptide science》2019,25(8)
Thermal treatment of short‐chain oligopeptides is able to initiate the process of their self‐assembly with the formation of organic nanostructures with unique properties. On the other hand, heating can lead to a chemical reaction with the formation of new substances with specific properties and ability to form structures with different morphology. Therefore, in order to have a desired process, researcher needs to find its temperature range. In the present work, cyclization of L‐isoleucyl‐L‐alanine dipeptide in the solid state upon heating was studied. Kinetic parameters of this reaction were estimated within the approaches of the nonisothermal kinetics. The correlation between side chain structure of dipeptides and temperature of their cyclization in the solid state was found for the first time. This correlation may be used to predict the temperature, at which dipeptide self‐assembly changes to chemical reaction. The differences in self‐assembly of linear and cyclic dipeptides were demonstrated using atomic force microscopy. The effect of dipeptide concentration in a source solution and an organic solvent used on self‐assembly of dipeptides was shown. The new information obtained on the thermal properties and self‐assembly of linear and cyclic forms of L‐isoleucyl‐L‐alanine may be useful for the design of new nanomaterials based on oligopeptides, as well as for the synthesis of cyclic oligopeptides. 相似文献