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1.
P. Bourke D. Ziuzina L. Han P.J. Cullen B.F. Gilmore 《Journal of applied microbiology》2017,123(2):308-324
There is a diverse range of microbiological challenges facing the food, healthcare and clinical sectors. The increasing and pervasive resistance to broad‐spectrum antibiotics and health‐related concerns with many biocidal agents drives research for novel and complementary antimicrobial approaches. Biofilms display increased mechanical and antimicrobial stability and are the subject of extensive research. Cold plasmas (CP) have rapidly evolved as a technology for microbial decontamination, wound healing and cancer treatment, owing to the chemical and bio‐active radicals generated known collectively as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. This review outlines the basics of CP technology and discusses the interactions with a range of microbiological targets. Advances in mechanistic insights are presented and applications to food and clinical issues are discussed. The possibility of tailoring CP to control specific microbiological challenges is apparent. This review focuses on microbiological issues in relation to food‐ and healthcare‐associated human infections, the role of CP in their elimination and the current status of plasma mechanisms of action. 相似文献
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The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii truncated light-harvesting antenna 4 (tla4) DNA transposon mutant has a pale green phenotype, a lower chlorophyll (Chl) per cell and a higher Chl a/b ratio in comparison with the wild type. It required a higher light intensity for the saturation of photosynthesis and displayed a greater per chlorophyll light-saturated rate of oxygen evolution than the wild type. The Chl antenna size of the photosystems in the tla4 mutant was only about 65% of that measured in the wild type. Molecular genetic analysis revealed that a single plasmid DNA insertion disrupted two genes on chromosome 11 of the mutant. A complementation study identified the “chloroplast signal recognition particle 54” gene (CpSRP54), as the lesion causing the tla4 phenotype. Disruption of this gene resulted in partial failure to assemble and, therefore, lower levels of light-harvesting Chl-binding proteins in the C. reinhardtii thylakoids. A comparative in silico 3-D structure-modeling analysis revealed that the M-domain of the CpSRP54 of C. reinhardtii possesses a more extended finger loop structure, due to different amino acid composition, as compared to that of the Arabidopsis CpSRP54. The work demonstrated that CpSRP54 deletion in microalgae can serve to generate tla mutants with a markedly smaller photosystem Chl antenna size, improved solar energy conversion efficiency, and photosynthetic productivity in high-density cultures under bright sunlight conditions. 相似文献
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Russell R. Johnson Harwood J. Cranston Marta E. Chaverra William E. Dyer 《Plant molecular biology》1995,28(1):113-122
The molecular regulation of seed dormancy was investigated using differential display to visualize and isolate cDNAs representing differentially expressed genes during early imbibition of dormant and nondormant Avena fatua L. embryos. Of about 3000 cDNA bands examined, 5 cDNAs hybridized with mRNAs exhibiting dormancy-associated expression patterns during the first 48 h of imbibition, while many more nondormancy-associated cDNAs were observed. Dormancy-associated clone AFD1 hybridized with a 1.5 kb mRNA barely detectable in dry dormant and nondormant embryos that became more abundant in dormant embryos after 24 h of imbibition. Clone AFD2 hybridized with two mRNAs, a 1.3 kb message constitutively expressed in dormant and nondormant embryos and a 0.9 kb message present at higher levels in dormant embryos after 3 h of imbibition. Nondormancy-associated clones AFN1, AFN2 and AFN3 hybridized with 1.5 kb, 1.7 kb and 1.1 kb mRNAs, respectively, that were more abundant in nondormant embryos during imbibition. Expression patterns of some mRNAs in dormant embryos induced to germinate by GA3 treatment were different than water controls, but were not identical to those observed in nondormant embryos. DNA sequence analysis revealed 76% sequence identity between clone AFN3 and a Citrus sinensis glutathione peroxidase-like cDNA, while significant sequence similarities with known genes were not found for other clones. Southern hybridization analyses showed that all clones represent low (1 to 4) copy number genes. 相似文献
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《Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience》2017,11(2):345-353
Data are scarce regarding combined high Se and Mn supplementation in livestock diets, however, as Se and Mn are functionally related as cofactors of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), respectively, beneficial synergistic effects on oxidative stability of tissues may result. This experiment evaluated the effect of an oversupply of Se and Mn within European legal limits compared with recommendations on performance, oxidative stability of the organism and meat quality in a randomised complete block design. A total of 60 crossbred gilts were fed maize–barley–soya bean meal diets formulated in a 2×2 factorial approach with inorganic Se (0.2 v. 0.5 mg/kg Se dry matter (DM)) or inorganic Mn (20 v. 150 mg/kg Mn DM) from 31 to 116 kg BW. Se supplementation reduced feed intake, whereas high Mn diets impaired average daily gain (P<0.05). Qualitative carcass characteristics were impaired by Se and Mn predominantly in the semimembranosus muscle. Activity of GPx in liver was increased by high Se diets (P<0.05). Mn supplementation increased catalase (CAT) activity in liver, GPx in plasma and total antioxidative capacity (TAC) in muscle, whereas it decreased CAT activity in plasma (P<0.05). Cu/Zn-SOD in muscle showed higher activity in high-Se-low-Mn diets but lower activity when both high Se and Mn were combined (Se×Mn P<0.05). Mn supplementation increased Mn concentration in longissimus thoracis et lumborum, but simultaneously reduced Se concentration (P<0.05). Upon retail display, Mn increased lipid oxidation more pronouncedly (higher thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; P<0.05) than Se (P<0.10). Despite some positive effects (Mn increased TAC, Se increased GPx, Se and Mn increased tenderness), no synergistic effects of high Se and Mn diets or an overall beneficial impact on meat quality, especially during storage, could be observed. Including the negative effects on performance, feeding Se and Mn up to the maximum legal level cannot be recommended. 相似文献
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《Cell》2021,184(23):5728-5739.e16
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Isabel C. Gouveia Jos M. Fiadeiro Joo A. Queiroz 《Biochemical Engineering Journal》2008,41(2):157-165
This study was undertaken to find the optimum conditions of a new enzymatic process to remove plant residues from wool. Commercial enzymatic preparations of Celluclast 1.5 L and Pectinex Ultra SP-L were selected in order to hydrolyze the polysaccharides in primary plant cell walls and middle lamella, resulting into more fragile residues easier to be removed. Since it was intended to define the optimal conditions for enzyme application, a four-factor central composite design was selected to study the effects of pH, temperature, enzyme concentration and wetting agent concentration, on the two selected responses, i.e., soluble reducing sugars (RS) and alkali solubility (AS) of wool to detect plant degradation and to evaluate wool quality, respectively. Results demonstrated that enzyme concentration was the most significant effect in plant residues degradation. A total enzyme concentration loading of 20 mL of both diluted enzymatic preparations in equal parts per 1 L of incubation solution (42.970 U/L of Celluclast preparation and PG 29.3 nkat/L + PME 2.537 nkat/L of Pectinex preparation), yielded an equivalent amount of 240.127 mg of glucose per 1.0 g of plant residue, at the optimal conditions: 40.56 °C, pH 4.0 and 1 mL Plurafac/L. SEM analysis has indicated an identical and important degradation of the plant residues, when compared to the conventional carbonization process, and wool quality has been preserved. 相似文献
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