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1.
外源多胺对莴苣种子萌发诱导及其与一氧化氮的关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以正常莴苣'挂丝红'(Lactuca sativa)种子为材料,采用外源多胺(Put、Spd、Spm)、硝普钠(SNP)及NO清除剂cPTIO处理,以DAQ作为NO荧光检测探针,研究多胺和NO在莴苣种子萌发过程中的相互关系.结果显示:(1)外源多胺尤其是亚精胺(Spd)对莴苣种子都有一定的促早萌作用并以0.5 mmol·L-1处理最佳,其效果在种子吸胀后前48 h最为显著;1.0 mmol·L-1亚精胺合酶抑制剂环己胺(CHA)对莴苣种子萌发有较强的抑制作用;(2)外源NO供体SNP对莴苣种子早萌有显著的促进作用并表现出浓度依赖性,且48 h后促进作用消失,与外源Spd促进种子早萌作用相似;(3)在外源Spd和SNP处理的同时,添加NO清除剂cPTIO可显著降低SNP和Spd对莴苣种子萌发的促进作用;在Spd和SNP处理后的种子近胚区均有较强的NO荧光产生,而cPTIO可猝灭Spd和SNP处理种子胚荧光的增强,并伴随着对Spd和SNP促进种子早萌作用的抑制.研究表明,多胺尤其是亚精胺在促进莴苣种子早萌过程中可能与NO的诱导产生有关.  相似文献   
2.
Connexin 43 (Cx43), which is highly expressed in the heart and especially in cardiomyocytes, interferes with the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms. Conversely, Cx43 gene expression is down‐regulated by nitric oxide derived from the inducible NOS. Thus, a complex interplay between Cx43 and NOS expression appears to exist. As cardiac mitochondria are supposed to contain a NOS, we now investigated the expression of NOS isoforms and the nitric oxide production rate in isolated mitochondria of wild‐type and Cx43‐deficient (Cx43Cre‐ER(T)/fl) mice hearts. Mitochondria were isolated from hearts using differential centrifugation and purified via Percoll gradient ultracentrifugation. Isolated mitochondria were stained with an antibody against the mitochondrial marker protein adenine‐nucleotide‐translocator (ANT) in combination with either a neuronal NOS (nNOS) or an inducible NOS (iNOS) antibody and analysed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The nitric oxide formation was quantified in purified mitochondria using the oxyhaemoglobin assay. Co‐localization of predominantly nNOS (nNOS: 93 ± 4.1%; iNOS: 24.6 ± 7.5%) with ANT was detected in isolated mitochondria of wild‐type mice. In contrast, iNOS expression was increased in Cx43Cre‐ER(T)/fl mitochondria (iNOS: 90.7 ± 3.2%; nNOS: 53.8 ± 17.5%). The mitochondrial nitric oxide formation was reduced in Cx43Cre‐ER(T)/fl mitochondria (0.14 ± 0.02 nmol/min./mg protein) in comparison to wild‐type mitochondria (0.24 ± 0.02 nmol/min./mg). These are the first data demonstrating, that a reduced mitochondrial Cx43 content is associated with a switch of the mitochondrial NOS isoform and the respective mitochondrial rate of nitric oxide formation.  相似文献   
3.
Biochar additions can improve soil fertility and sequester carbon, but biochar effects have been investigated primarily in agricultural systems. Biochar from spruce and maple sawdust feedstocks (with and without inorganic phosphorus in a factorial design) were added to plots in a commercially managed temperate hardwood forest stand in central Ontario, Canada; treatments were applied as a top‐dressing immediately prior to fall leaf abscission in September 2011. Forests in this region have acidic, sandy soils, and due to nitrogen deposition may exhibit phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium limitation. To investigate short‐term impacts of biochar application on soil nutrient supply and greenhouse gas fluxes as compared to phosphorus fertilization, data were collected over the first year after treatment application; linear mixed models were used to analyze data. Two to six weeks after treatment application, there were higher concentrations of potassium in spruce and maple biochar plots, and phosphorus in spruce biochar plots, as compared to the control treatment. There were higher concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus in the phosphorus plots. In the following spring and summer (9–12 months after treatment application), there were higher soil calcium concentrations in maple biochar plots, and phosphorus plots still had higher soil phosphorus concentrations than control plots. No treatment effects on fluxes of carbon dioxide, methane, or nitrous oxide were detected in the field; however, laboratory incubations after 12 months showed higher microbial respiration in soils from maple biochar plots as compared to spruce biochar, despite no effect on microbial biomass. The results suggest that the most important short‐term impact of biochar additions in this system is the increased supply of the limiting plant nutrients phosphorus and calcium. We expect that larger changes in mineral soil physical and chemical properties will occur when the surface‐applied biochar becomes incorporated into the soil after a few years.  相似文献   
4.
Semitransparent solar cells have attracted significant attention for practical applications, such as windows in buildings and automobiles. Here, semitransparent, highly efficient, 1D nanostructured perovskite solar cells are demonstrated employing anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) as a scaffold layer. The parallel nanopillars in the perovskite layer enable construction of haze‐free semitransparent devices without any hysteresis behavior. By controlling the pore size in the AAO, the volume occupied by the perovskite layer can be precisely varied, and the color neutrality of the resulting devices can be achieved. With the incorporation of a transparent cathodic electrode (indium tin oxide) with a buffer layer (MoOx), a highly efficient semitransparent nanopillared perovskite solar cell is achievable with a power‐conversion efficiency of 9.6% (7.5%) and a whole device average visible light transmittance of 33.4% (41.7%). To determine the role of the scaffold layer in improving the photoelectrical properties of the cell, impedance spectroscopy analyses are performed, revealing that the AAO‐structured perovskite layer suppresses internal ion diffusion and enables critical improvements in long‐term stability under continuous illumination.  相似文献   
5.
6.
The cytotoxic effect of dehydroabietic acid (DHAA), a resin acid found in rosin, was studied on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes using leakage of 51Cr from prelabeled cells, supravital staining, and transmission electron microscopy. DHAA caused a strong dose-related release of 51Cr, a high uptake of trypan blue, and total cell necrosis, as seen in transmission electron microscopy. Albumin slightly reduced the toxic effects, whereas the addition of zinc in various forms strongly inhibited these toxic effects of DHAA in the concentration range of 10-500 micrograms/mL. In the presence of albumin, zinc oxide as a suspension inhibited the damage of the cell membranes more than a filtrate of zinc oxide, indicating a subsequent slow release of zinc from the zinc oxide.  相似文献   
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8.
Two new sesquiterpenoids (1 and 2) and a new ent-pimarane type diterpenoid (3), together with eighteen known compounds (421), were isolated from the whole plants of Siegesbeckia pubescens. The structures of the new compounds were determined on the basis of 1D-, 2D NMR and HRESIMS data. All compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on LPS-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Of these, highly oxygenated germacrane type sesquiterpenoids (12 and 1314) showed significant inhibitory effects with IC50 values ranging from 3.9 to 16.8 μM.  相似文献   
9.
Laboratory-scale experiments were conducted to examine the N2O emission during the denitrification process. For each of the 6 runs carried out, synthetic effluent was fed in a 10 l batch mixed liquor to investigate the effect of nitrite on N2O emission and Helium was continuously bubbled through the reactor at constant rate (0.12 l/min) to favour N2O transfer and detection. An increasing COD/NO3-N influent ratio from 3 to 7 was firstly applied (runs 1–3). Secondly, NO2 pulse additions were performed during run 4 and 5 (10 and 20 mg N/l, respectively). Finally, the reactor was fed with influent containing both NO2 and NO3. We showed that N2O emission was detected shortly after NO2 accumulation, few minutes after the substrate feeding. The highest emission occurred at the lower COD/NO3-N ratio (=3) and at the higher NO2 addition (20 mg N/l). In addition, the higher nitrogen conversion to N2O gas (14.4%) was obtained with an influent containing initially both NO2 and NO3. Our results suggest a direct effect of the NO2 concentration on the N2O emission. We have also confirmed the inhibitory effect of NO2 concentration on N2O reduction.  相似文献   
10.
Leishmaniasis is a worldwide uncontrolled parasitic disease due to the lack of effective drug and vaccine. To speed up effective drug development, we need powerful methods to rapidly assess drug effectiveness against the intracellular form of Leishmania in high throughput assays. Reporter gene technology has proven to be an excellent tool for drug screening in vitro. The effects of reporter proteins on parasite infectivity should be identified both in vitro and in vivo. In this research, we initially compared the infectivity rate of recombinant Leishmania major expressing stably enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) alone or EGFP-luciferase (EGFP-LUC) with the wild-type strain. Next, we evaluated the sensitivity of these parasites to amphotericin B (AmB) as a standard drug in 2 parasitic phases, promastigote and amastigote. This comparison was made by MTT and nitric oxide (NO) assay and by quantifying the specific signals derived from reporter genes like EGFP intensity and luciferase activity. To study the amastigote form, both B10R and THP-1 macrophage cell lines were infected in the stationary phase and were exposed to AmB at different time points. Our results clearly revealed that the 3 parasite lines had similar in vitro infectivity rates with comparable parasite-induced levels of NO following interferon-γ/lipopolysaccharide induction. Based on our results we proposed the more reporter gene, the faster and more sensitive evaluation of the drug efficiency.  相似文献   
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