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1.
广东车八岭国家级自然保护区种子植物区系研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
陈锡沐  张常路  李秉滔   《广西植物》1994,14(4):321-333
车八岭国家级自然保护区种子植物区系种类丰富,含161科645属1345种(包括种下等级),并有相当数量的古老种类和14种珍稀濒危重点保护植物。壳斗科Fagaceae、樟科Lauraceae、茶科Theaceae、木兰科Magnoliaceae以及杜英科Elaeocarpaceae、安息香科Styracaceae、全缕梅科Hamamelidaceae等是该区系的主要表征科,构成了其各森林类型的主要树种组成。种子植物区系成分较为复杂,主要表现在科地理成分的广泛性和属地理成分的多样性,而以热带—亚热带成分占明显的优势,热带及温带区系成分均有相当的影响,各类成分交错渗透,叠置分布。本文对车八岭国家级自然保护区植物区系的归属,广东与云南植物区系的关系等争议问题展开了讨论,认为车八岭自然保护区植物区系是中亚热带向南亚热带过渡的区系类型,为华南植物亚区的组成部分,隶属于古热带植物区。广东与云南植物区系关系密切,极可能具有同一起源(华夏植物区系),宜划入同一植物亚区。  相似文献   
2.
生境质量是影响地区生态系统服务价值和保护地球生态系统中生物多样性的重要因素。以地处三大自然区交汇带的甘肃省为研究对象,在定量估算地区2000—2018年生境质量水平基础上,基于图谱变化分析理论和InVEST模型,探索地区生境质量时空分异格局及其图谱转移状态和变化强度。结果表明: 2000—2018年,甘肃省生境质量总体维持中等水平并略有提升,在空间上自北向南呈逐级递增的阶梯式变化特征,在数量上则高低并存;从图谱转移视角分析,甘肃省生境质量格局较为稳定,未发生状态转移的图谱单元占主导,而在发生了生境质量状态转移的图谱单元中,“较高较低”、“较高高”、“较高低”这6类状态间的互换转移最显著,空间分布也较为集聚; “北剧南和”是甘肃省生境质量变化强度的主要格局,自北向南依次为“强变区”、“复合区”、“温缓区”和“平和区”4类变化强度区。  相似文献   
3.
The world's population is growing and demand for food, feed, fiber, and fuel is increasing, placing greater demand on land and its resources for crop production. We review previously published estimates of global scale cropland availability, discuss the underlying assumptions that lead to differences between estimates, and illustrate the consequences of applying different estimates in model‐based assessments of land‐use change. The review estimates a range from 1552 to 5131 Mha, which includes 1550 Mha that is already cropland. Hence, the lowest estimates indicate that there is almost no room for cropland expansion, while the highest estimates indicate that cropland could potentially expand to over three times its current area. Differences can largely be attributed to institutional assumptions, i.e. which land covers/uses (e.g. forests or grasslands) are societally or governmentally allowed to convert to cropland, while there was little variation in biophysical assumptions. Estimates based on comparable assumptions showed a variation of up to 84%, which originated mainly from different underlying data sources. On the basis of this synthesis of the assumptions underlying these estimates, we constructed a high, a medium, and a low estimate of cropland availability that are representative of the range of estimates in the reviewed studies. We apply these estimates in a land‐change model to illustrate the consequences on cropland expansion and intensification as well as deforestation. While uncertainty in cropland availability is hardly addressed in global land‐use change assessments, the results indicate a large range of estimates with important consequences for model‐based assessments.  相似文献   
4.
近年来, 红外相机技术已被广泛应用于国内外自然保护地内地栖鸟兽的物种编目和动态评估。本文以广东车八岭国家级自然保护区为例, 探讨基于红外相机技术如何进行保护区全境大中型兽类和雉鸡类的物种编目清查与评估。通过对车八岭保护区全境为期1年的调查, 共记录兽类和雉鸡类18种, 其中兽类15种, 鸡形目鸟类3种。基于物种累计曲线, 采用全年数据所需的最小调查网格数、最少调查相机日均要少于雨季或旱季, 而旱季调查需要的最小调查网格数和最少调查相机日比雨季更少。通过红外相机图像数据获得了车八岭保护区的大中型兽类和地栖雉鸡类物种名录、物种丰富度、每个物种的相对多度、分布图和凭证标本等重要内容。  相似文献   
5.
Conversion of native prairie to agriculture has increased food and bioenergy production but decreased wildlife habitat. However, enrollment of highly erodible cropland in conservation programs has compensated for some grassland loss. In the future, climate change and production of second-generation perennial biofuel crops could further transform agricultural landscapes and increase or decrease grassland area. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is an alternative biofuel feedstock that may be economically and environmentally superior to maize (Zea mays) grain for ethanol production on marginally productive lands. Switchgrass could benefit farmers economically and increase grassland area, but there is uncertainty as to how conversions between rowcrops, switchgrass monocultures and conservation grasslands might occur and affect wildlife. To explore potential impacts on grassland birds, we developed four agricultural land-use change scenarios for an intensively cultivated landscape, each driven by potential future climatic changes and ensuing irrigation limitations, ethanol demand, commodity prices, and continuation of a conservation program. For each scenario, we calculated changes in area for landcover classes and predicted changes in grassland bird abundances. Overall, birds responded positively to the replacement of rowcrops with switchgrass and negatively to the conversion of conservation grasslands to switchgrass or rowcrops. Landscape context and interactions between climate, crop water use, and irrigation availability could influence future land-use, and subsequently, avian habitat quality and quantity. Switchgrass is likely to provide higher quality avian habitat than rowcrops but lower quality habitat than conservation grasslands, and therefore, may most benefit birds in heavily cultivated, irrigation dependent landscapes under warmer and drier conditions, where economic profitability may also encourage conversions to drought tolerant bioenergy feedstocks.  相似文献   
6.
我国自然保护区功能分区研究进展   总被引:16,自引:5,他引:11  
呼延佼奇  肖静  于博威  徐卫华 《生态学报》2014,34(22):6391-6396
自然保护区功能分区是保护区规划和科学管理的重要环节。我国自然保护区功能区划主要采用国际"人与生物圈"计划的"三区"划分模式,即核心区、缓冲区和实验区。介绍了我国自然保护区的分区依据,在总结自然保护区功能分区方法研究进展上,分析了目前我国自然保护区功能区划中存在的难点与问题,并对其进行了展望,以期为我国自然保护区功能区的科学划分与完善提供依据。  相似文献   
7.
We aimed to (i) assess the extant genetic diversity of the riparian relict tree Pterocarya fraxinifolia across its current distribution range in the South Caucasus, including the past refugial areas Colchis and Hyrcan, and (ii) test if a separation of these areas is reflected in its phylogeographic history. Genetic diversity of natural populations was examined using nuclear microsatellite and plastid DNA markers. Spatial genetic structure was evaluated using Bayesian clustering methods and the reconstruction of plastid DNA networks. Divergence times of Colchic and Hyrcanian populations were estimated via divergence dating using a relaxed molecular clock. Allelic richness, private allelic richness, and expected heterozygosity were significantly higher in Hyrcan than in Colchis and the Greater Caucasus, and significant genetic differentiation was revealed between the two groups. Whereas only two plastid haplotypes were detected for the Colchic and Caucasian populations, the Hyrcanian populations displayed 11 different haplotypes. Significant isolation by distance was detected in Hyrcan. The most recent common ancestor of all P. fraxinifolia haplotypes was dated to a time well before a suggested glaciation period in the Caucasus during the late Pliocene (5.98 Ma [11.3–2.48 Ma HPD]). The widespread Colchic haplotype that also occurs along the southern slope of the Greater Caucasus and reaches south-eastern Azerbaijan has appeared more recently (0.24 Ma [1.41–0 Ma HPD]). This diversification pattern of Colchic haplotypes from ancient Hyrcanian haplotypes suggests a colonization of the region from south-east to north-west that predates the last glacial maximum (LGM). Natural populations of P. fraxinifolia show low-to-intermediate levels of genetic diversity and a significant decrease of diversity from Hyrcan to Colchis. However, the genetic differentiation between Colchic-Caucasian and Hyrcanian populations for nuclear markers suggests that independent gene pools existed in both areas at least since the LGM. Particular attention to conservation seems justified for the more diverse Hyrcanian populations.  相似文献   
8.
江西高天岩自然保护区生态系统服务功能价值评估   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2  
缪建群  孙松  王志强  黄国勤 《生态学报》2017,37(19):6422-6430
高天岩自然保护区位于江西省莲花县,为当地人提供了多项生态服务功能。根据高天岩自然保护区生态与社会经济系统的特征,构建其生态系统服务功能价值评估指标体系,并以2014年数据为基础,综合运用成本替代、市场价值、影子工程、造林成本、成果参数和旅行费用等定量分析方法,评估其生态系统的经济价值。结果表明:2014年,高天岩自然保护区生态系统服务总经济价值为7.20×10~8元,其中,土壤保持和固碳释氧的经济价值居前两位,分别为4.39×10~8元和1.16×10~8元,各占服务总经济价值的60.89%和16.11%。9项服务指标按评估的经济价值大小排序为:土壤保持固碳释氧产品供给生物多样性保护环境净化气候调节旅游休憩调洪蓄水社会保障。直观的经济数字反映了高天岩自然保护区生态系统对人类社会的重要贡献,一方面有利于强化管理者和公众保护高天岩自然保护区的意识,另一方面为政府制定高天岩自然保护区生态系统补偿标准提供数据支撑。  相似文献   
9.
Multivariate analysis provides an effective context for the examination of some significant aspects of biodiversity and conservation. The framework is a multidimensional space that integrates sample sites, taxa and environments. This approach enables terms such as representativeness, complementarity and irreplaceability to be integrated within an intuitive and practical framework for reserve design. Cluster analysis is proposed to determine what is there by defining a set of complementary clusters. These clusters are sampled in a representative manner; from the core outward. The degree of irreplaceability of a site is defined as the multivariate distance of each potential reserve site to its nearest neighbour.  相似文献   
10.
《植物生态学报》2018,42(7):752
为了明确我国枫香树(Liquidambar formosana)种子与果实表型变异程度和变异规律, 采用方差分析、相关分析和回归分析等方法对36个天然种群枫香树的10个种子与果实的表型性状在种群间和种群内表型变异和地理变异模式进行探讨。研究结果表明, 枫香树平均表型分化系数为57.55%, 种群间的变异是其表型变异的主要来源; 种子和果实表型性状的变异丰富, 变异幅度为10.05%-24.31%, 平均变异系数为15.83%; 不同种群间变异差别明显, 安福种群平均变异系数最大(16.73%), 建阳种群平均变异系数最小(11.48%)。枫香树多数种子与果实表型性状在地理变化上是随机的, 地理相近种群在表型上没有显著相关性。地理气候因子中1月平均气温、海拔和纬度对种子与果实性状起主要的影响。种子与果实性状与海拔相关分析表明, 枫香树种子长宽比随海拔的升高而减小, 种子长宽比可以推测种群所在的海拔高度。探讨枫香树种群表型多样性, 可为野生优异种质的收集、多目标品种选育等工作提供依据。  相似文献   
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