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1.
The use of rosemary essential oil (RO) and its combination with nisin (RO+N) in preventing the multiplication of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris in orange juice was evaluated. The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) for RO were both 125 μg ml−1 while RO+N displayed a synergistic effect. The use of RO and RO+N at concentrations of 1, 4 and 8× MIC in orange juice for 96 h was evaluated in terms of their sporicidal effectiveness. With regard to the action against A. acidoterrestris spores, RO at 8× MIC was sporostatic, whereas RO+N at 1× MIC was sporicidal. Morphological changes in the structure of the micro-organism after treatment were also observed by microscopy. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis showed that most cells were damaged or killed after treatment. In general, the antioxidant activity after addition of RO+N decreased with time. The results demonstrate that using the combination of RO and nisin can prevent the A. acidoterrestris growth in orange juice.  相似文献   
2.
[背景] 呼吸系统疾病是圈养麝常见疾病之一,其中部分由支气管败血波氏杆菌引起,但目前关于林麝源支气管败血波氏杆菌的研究甚少。[目的] 对分离自患病林麝鼻黏液的一株疑似支气管败血波氏杆菌进行分离鉴定和全基因组序列分析,为林麝相关疾病的防治奠定基础。[方法] 将病原菌纯化培养后,通过菌落形态和生化试验初步鉴定病原菌类型,然后进行药敏试验和小鼠致病性试验以观察其耐药和毒力表型,最后对其进行全基因组测序,通过平均核苷酸一致性(Average Nucleotide Identity,ANI)比对在全基因组水平进一步评估物种间的亲缘关系,并进行基因功能注释和遗传进化分析。[结果] 该病原菌经ANI分类属于经典波氏杆菌亚种,结合菌落形态和生化结果综合鉴定为支气管败血波氏杆菌,菌株命名为FMDBb1,药敏表型显示其对林可霉素、利福平及大多数β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药,对小鼠的半数致死量为8.55×106 CFU。全基因组测序显示该菌基因组大小为5 133 936 bp,基因功能注释显示其拥有强代谢能力,基因组内检测到65个经典波氏杆菌毒力因子,以及1个粉霉素和1个利福平的靶向耐药基因,同时发现19个插入序列和1个噬菌体区域的存在。序列类型为ST33,克隆复合体类型为CC6,管家基因联合建树分析显示与分离于韩国短毛猫的KVNON-570株相似性最高。[结论] 研究分离了林麝源支气管败血波氏杆菌并对其进行了全基因组测序及分析,为该病原菌感染的防治提供了宝贵的信息。  相似文献   
3.
Human natural killer (NK) cells are essential for controlling infection, cancer, and fetal development. NK cell functions are modulated by interactions between polymorphic inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and polymorphic HLA-A, -B, and -C ligands expressed on tissue cells. All HLA-C alleles encode a KIR ligand and contribute to reproduction and immunity. In contrast, only some HLA-A and -B alleles encode KIR ligands and they focus on immunity. By high-resolution analysis of KIR and HLA-A, -B, and -C genes, we show that the Chinese Southern Han (CHS) are significantly enriched for interactions between inhibitory KIR and HLA-A and -B. This enrichment has had substantial input through population admixture with neighboring populations, who contributed HLA class I haplotypes expressing the KIR ligands B*46:01 and B*58:01, which subsequently rose to high frequency by natural selection. Consequently, over 80% of Southern Han HLA haplotypes encode more than one KIR ligand. Complementing the high number of KIR ligands, the CHS KIR locus combines a high frequency of genes expressing potent inhibitory KIR, with a low frequency of those expressing activating KIR. The Southern Han centromeric KIR region encodes strong, conserved, inhibitory HLA-C-specific receptors, and the telomeric region provides a high number and diversity of inhibitory HLA-A and -B-specific receptors. In all these characteristics, the CHS represent other East Asians, whose NK cell repertoires are thus enhanced in quantity, diversity, and effector strength, likely augmenting resistance to endemic viral infections.  相似文献   
4.
冻融交替对长白山不同林型土壤两种温室气体排放的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以长白山5种林型土壤(硬阔叶林、红松阔叶林、次生白桦林、长白松林和蒙古栎林)为对象,利用原位培养连续取样法研究了冻融过程中5种林型土壤CO2和N2O排放特征及相关机理。结果表明:冻融期5种林型土壤是CO2和N2O的源。次生白桦林和红松阔叶林土壤CO2和N2O的平均通量显著高于其他3种林型。除硬阔叶林外,各林型土壤CO2通量与土壤含水量间存在显著负相关,但不同林型的土壤CO2排放对水分敏感性差异较大;除硬阔叶林外,各林型土壤N2O通量与土壤含水量间存在显著正相关,但水分敏感性因林型而异。5种林型土壤CO2和N2O排放通量均与土壤表层温度呈二次函数关系。  相似文献   
5.
无瓣海桑具有耐贫瘠、生长快等特点,已成为我国东南沿海滩涂主要造林先锋种。然而,作为典型外来物种,无瓣海桑是否具有入侵性也一度引起各界广泛关注。三亚河是我国无瓣海桑引种的最南区域,但目前尚未有对该区无瓣海桑入侵性的报道。本研究利用全面踏查与样地调查相结合的方法,分析了三亚河外来红树植物无瓣海桑的种群动态及扩散特征。结果表明:无瓣海桑在样地群落上层平均密度为4 ind·100 m-2,重要值为41.2%,具有较明显优势,而在群落中下层无其小树和幼苗分布,无瓣海桑种群更新难以维持;群落中、下层红树植物的Shannon指数分别为1.68和1.09,Simpson指数分别为0.78和0.57,物种多样性较高,本地红树植物长势良好,生存空间未受到明显挤占;三亚河亦未见无瓣海桑种群的自然扩散,较高的盐度可能是抑制无瓣海桑种群扩散的关键。鉴于无瓣海桑优良的生长适应能力,可在无淡水汇入的滨海湿地红树林生态工程中作为先锋种进行合理利用,同时对其做好长期监测与定位研究。  相似文献   
6.
The oomycete Albugo candida causes white rust of Brassicaceae, including vegetable and oilseed crops, and wild relatives such as Arabidopsis thaliana. Novel White Rust Resistance (WRR) genes from Arabidopsis enable new insights into plant/parasite co-evolution. WRR4A from Arabidopsis accession Columbia (Col-0) provides resistance to many but not all white rust races, and encodes a nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat immune receptor. Col-0 WRR4A resistance is broken by AcEx1, an isolate of A. candida. We identified an allele of WRR4A in Arabidopsis accession Øystese-0 (Oy-0) and other accessions that confers full resistance to AcEx1. WRR4AOy-0 carries a C-terminal extension required for recognition of AcEx1, but reduces recognition of several effectors recognized by the WRR4ACol-0 allele. WRR4AOy-0 confers full resistance to AcEx1 when expressed in the oilseed crop Camelina sativa.  相似文献   
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9.
Oak (Quercus spp.) and hornbeam (Carpinus spp.) are one of dominant tree species in East Asian temperate broad leaf deciduous forests and many insect species, including more than 65% of Lepidoptera species, feed on these trees. We sampled lepidopteran caterpillars from two 0.1 ha plots in a temperate forest to investigate the role of dominant trees (oaks and hornbeams) in herbivore community. In total, we identified 738 caterpillars from 223 Lepidopteran species on 34 tree species. Most caterpillar species were from species-rich families such as Geometridae 25% (56 spp.), Noctuidae, and Tortricidae. After excluding dominant trees, plant-herbivore network analyses showed increased network specialization and nestedness and decreased generality and vulnerability. These results suggest that oaks and hornbeams support a large Lepidopteran herbivore community, and co-occurring plant species support diverse but specific herbivores. Geographical distribution and plant community are closely related to diversity of the herbivore community. Future work is needed to investigate the likelihood that specialist herbivores become relatively more abundant in the forest as oaks are succeeded by hornbeams.  相似文献   
10.
凋落物和根系向土壤的碳输入是森林生态系统的关键过程,输入量及组分的变化直接影响森林土壤碳汇功能和生产力。在沂蒙山区栎类天然次生林中,开展添加/去除凋落物及去除根系的定位控制试验。于控制试验开展21个月后,采用Biolog Eco微平板培养法,研究凋落物和根系对土壤微生物碳源代谢功能的影响。结果表明,凋落物倍增处理增加了土壤微生物碳源代谢功能,增加了对糖类和胺类的代谢能力。去除凋落物处理、去除根系处理和无输入处理都降低了土壤微生物碳源代谢功能。去除凋落物处理降低土壤微生物碳源代谢功能的幅度大于去除根系处理,表明当前条件下凋落物对土壤微生物碳源代谢功能的影响大于根系,但如果抛除掉去除根系处理中残留根系的影响,凋落物和根系对土壤微生物碳源代谢功能的相对大小可能会发生变化。土壤有机碳含量、铵态氮含量显著影响微生物碳源代谢多样性(P<0.05),并与碳源代谢功能正相关。凋落物倍增处理通过增加土壤铵态氮和有机碳含量,增加微生物碳源代谢功能,去除凋落物处理和无输入处理通过降低土壤铵态氮和有机碳含量,降低微生物碳源代谢功能。结果深化了碳输入途径(地上凋落物与地下根系)和数量(凋落物倍增、凋落物去除与对照)对温带栎类天然次生林土壤碳代谢过程的认识。  相似文献   
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