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1.
Callus cultures were established from seedling root tips of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek var. radiata) cv. K 851. The growing calli were exposed to increasing concentrations of thioproline — an analog of proline, in the medium. A concentration of 3.0 mM thioproline completely inhibited the growth of the cells. However, after 25 days incubation 5 cell clones were obtained which could grow on this concentration of thioproline. Out of them one vigorously growing cell clone was further characterized. This selected clone contained higher endogenous levels of free proline (5 fold) and K+ (1.5 fold) and exhibited elevated tolerance, not only to thioproline but also to exogenously applied NaCl in the growth medium, as compared to the normal sensitive callus cells. Higher endogenous levels of free proline and K+ appear to impart dual resistance to thioproline and NaCl to the selected cell strain. 相似文献
2.
Quantifying below-ground nitrogen of legumes 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Quantifying below-ground nitrogen (N) of legumes is fundamental to understanding their effects on soil mineral N fertility and on the N economies of following or companion crops in legume-based rotations. Methodologies based on 15N shoot-labelling with subsequent measurement of 15N in recovered plant parts (shoots and roots) and in the root-zone soil have proved promising. We report four glasshouse experiments with objectives to develop appropriate protocols for in situ
15N labelling of the four legumes, fababean (Vicia faba), chickpea (Cicer arietinum), mungbean (Vigna radiata) and pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan). Treatments included 15N-urea concentration (0.1–2.0% w/w), feeding technique (leaf-flap and petiole), leaflet/petiole position (top and bottom of shoot) and frequency of feeding (one and two occasions). 15N-labelling via the leaf-flap was best for fababean, mungbean and pigeonpea, whilst petiole feeding was best for chickpea, in all cases at the lower-stem nodes 3 or 4 using 0.2 mL volumes of 0.5% urea (98 atom% 15N excess). Fed leaflets and petioles were removed within 2 weeks of labelling. Uneven 15N enrichment of the nodulated roots because of effects of the less-enriched nodules meant that root derived N in soil would be overestimated if recovered roots were more heavily nodulated than unrecovered roots. One possible solution would be to assume crown nodulation of the plants. Thus, recovered roots would be nodulated; root-derived N remaining in soil may be without nodules. The ratios of nodulated root to unnodulated root enrichments could then be used as an adjustment in the calculations, i.e. in the case of fababean and chickpea, by dividing calculated root-derived N in soil by 1.12 (fababean) and 1.56 (chickpea). 相似文献
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The activities of enzymes of pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) viz. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and carbon metabolism viz. phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase, NADP- isocitrate dehydrogenase and NADP-malic enzyme were measured in the plant and bacteroid
fractions of mungbean (ureide exporter) and lentil (amide exporter) nodules along with the developing roots for comparison.
The enzymes of pentose phosphate pathway in legume cytosol had higher activities at a stage of maximum nitrogenase activity
and higher sucrose metabolism. However, bacteroids had only limited capacity for this pathway. The specific activities of
these enzymes were greater in ureide than in amide exporter. CO2 fixation via higher activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in the plant part of the nodules in lentil might have been due to the
greater synthesis of four carbon amino acids for amide export. The peak of NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase in both legumes coincided
with the pentose phosphate pathway enzymes at the time of high rates of sucrose metabolism and nitrogen fixation. Higher activities
of NADP-malic enzyme were obtained in mungbean than in the lentil nodules. These findings are consistent with the role of
these enzymes in providing reductant (NADPH) and substrates for energy yielding metabolism of bacteroids and carbon skeletons
for ammonia assimilation. 相似文献
5.
The competitive ability of eight strains ofBradyrhizobium on Vigna was examined. It was found that strains S24, M10, and M11 occupied a greater percent of nodules when introduced as mixed inoculum of two strains. Growth rate of strains did not affect competitive ability of the strains. Two hydrogen-uptake positive (Hup+) strains, S24 and M10, were found to be good competitors while another Hup+ strain GR4 was not so. Influence of the host in competition was observed in the case of strain GR4. 相似文献
6.
Little is known about Mg induced Ca deficiency in alkaline conditions, and the relationship between Mg induced Ca deficiency
and Na induced Ca deficiency. Dilute nutrient solutions (dominated by Mg) were used to investigate the effect of Ca activity
ratio (CAR) on the growth of mungbeans (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek cv. Emerald). At pH 9.0, root growth was reduced below a critical CAR of 0.050 (corresponding to 90% relative
root length). Root growth was found to be limited more in Mg solutions than had been previously observed for Na solutions.
Using a CAR equation modified with plasma membrane binding constants (to incorporate the differing antagonistic effects of
Mg and Na), new critical CAR values were calculated for both Na (0.56) and Mg (0.44) dominated solutions. This modified CAR
equation permits the calculation of CAR irrespective of the dominant salt present. 相似文献
7.
A novel set of microsatellite markers for mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] was developed from the public sequence database. Seventy-eight primers were designed and evaluated for polymorphism among 22 cultivated accessions. Eight polymorphic loci detected two to three alleles per locus with an average of 2.25. The observed heterozygosity varied from 0.00 to 0.18, while the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.09 to 0.46. Among them, all eight loci showed significant departuring from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, while four pairs of loci displayed significant pairwise linkage disequilibrium values. All eight loci except DMB-SSR1 showed heterozygote deficiency. 相似文献
8.
D. Saravanakumar S. Harish M. Loganathan R. Vivekananthan L. Rajendran T. Raguchander 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(5):323-337
Abstract Fluorescent pseudomonads based bioformulation was evaluated for their ability to control Macrophomina root rot disease in mungbean (Vigna mungo). P. fluorescens isolate Pf1 showed the maximum inhibition in mycelial growth of Macrophomina phaseolina under in vitro conditions. Bioformulation of Pf1 with chitin was effective in reducing the root rot incidence in green gram both under glasshouse and field conditions. The rhizosphere colonization of P. fluorescens was observed appreciable with the green gram plants. However, Pf1 amended with chitin colonized effectively. Furthermore, the induction of defence-related enzymes and chemicals in plants by Pf1 amended with or without chitin and neem were tested. Increased accumulation of defence enzymes viz., phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), chitinase, β-1,3-glucanse and phenolics were observed in Pf1 bioformulation amended with chitin, pre-treated plants challenge inoculated with M. phaseolina under glasshouse conditions. The present study reveals that in addition to direct antagonism and plant-growth promotion, PGPR strains amended with chitin bioformulation induced defence-related enzymes and pathogenesis related (PR) proteins which collectively enhance the resistance in green gram against the infection of M. phaseolina. 相似文献
9.
Activity of Cu2+-diamine oxidase (DAO; E.C.1.4.3.6.) was measured in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek cultivars K851, MH8320 and
Pusa Baisakhi in light and in dark during ontogeny of seedlings. DAO activity was always the highest in cv. K851. In both
light and dark grown seedlings maximum DAO activity was detected on day 2 after germination. Thereafter, in light grown seedlings
it declined consistently upto non-detectable levels. In dark, DAO activity was higher than in light and it had the second
maximum on day 7 following a similar declining pattern as observed for the light grown seedlings. The DAO activity was higher
in a shoot apex alongwith leaves than in roots and shoot axis.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
嫁接导致的绿豆可遗传性变异及其在绿豆育种中的应用 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
植物嫁接可以导致接穗的后代中有可遗传性变异的发生。我们将绿豆 (Vignaradiata (L .)Wilczek)的幼苗嫁接在红薯 (Ipomoeabatatas (L .)Lam .)的茎上 ,维护其生长至结实。将收获的绿豆种子连续几代播种于普通环境时 ,其后代中出现了明显的遗传变异。这些变异在未经嫁接的绿豆接穗品系中并不出现。为了研究这种嫁接诱导变异现象可能的机理 ,我们对变异品系的细胞质和细胞核DNA进行了分析。结果显示 ,在原绿豆和变异品系之间未发现细胞质DNA的RFLP(限制性酶切片段多态性 )差异。而细胞核DNA却发生了高频率的序列重组。同时 ,本研究没有发现砧木与接穗间基因转移的迹象。根据以上事实 ,我们推测远缘嫁接变异很有可能是嫁接生长逆境诱导的抗逆变异。 相似文献