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1.
【背景】肠道微生物在宿主肠道微环境稳态中起着至关重要的作用。众多因子,如抗生素、饮食和年龄等会干扰这种微平衡,引起菌群平衡发生改变,进而影响到机体健康状况。太子参具有心肌保护、增加免疫、抗氧化、抗糖尿病、抗应激、抗疲劳等药理活性,而太子参内生菌代谢物对肠道微生物的调控作用以及可能对机体健康的影响目前还未见报道。【目的】研究太子参内生菌RPB-32分类地位及其代谢提取物对小鼠肠道微生物的调节作用,以探讨其对机体健康的影响。【方法】对RPB-32进行传统方法和分子鉴定。将120只KM小鼠随机分为溶剂对照组(3%乙醇)及石油醚提取物、正丁醇提取物和乙酸乙酯提取物低、中、高剂量组(n=12)。小鼠灌胃处理14 d后采集粪便,通过选择性培养基培养及宏基因组测序[溶剂对照(S.F.1为3%乙醇溶液)、乙酸乙酯提取物高剂量组(S.F.2)]检测灌胃前后小鼠肠道微生物的变化。【结果】常规传统方法与分子鉴定结果表明RPB-32为芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.)。与空白对照组相比,给予内生菌代谢提取物的乙酸乙酯中剂量组、乙酸乙酯高剂量组、正丁醇低剂量组、正丁醇中剂量组及正丁醇高剂量组乳酸菌数量明显增加,正丁醇中剂量组的肠球菌和正丁醇高剂量组的肠杆菌数量明显减少。S.F.2与S.F.1基于门、属和种水平上的微生物群落结构相比表明:S.F.2的拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)数量明显增加,而厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)数量明显减少;S.F.2的Bacteroides、Prevotella、Parabacteroides、Akkermansia、Helicobacter、Butyricimonas、Alistipes、Ruminococcus、Muribaculum、Barnesiella、Odoribacter、Azospirillum、Mucispirillum和Lactobacillus数量明显增多,Rikenella、Angelakisella、Clostridium、Oscillibacter、Pseudoflavonifractor、Flavonifractor、Mailhella、Desulfovibrio、Faecalibacterium、Eubacterium、Lachnoclostridium、Hungatella、Butyrivibrio、Blautia、Dorea、Ruminiclostridium、Roseburia、Anaerotruncus和Butyricicoccus等数量减少;S.F.2的Bacteroides sartorii、Bacteroides caecimuris、Bacteroides uniformis、Parabacteroides chinchillae、Parabacteroides glodsteinii、Helicobacter bilis、Bacteroides fragilis、Bacteroides vulgatus、Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron和Butyricimonas virosa等数量明显增多,Faecalibacterium prausnitzii、Rikenella microfusus、Flavonifractor plautii、Mailhella massiliensis和Clostridium clostridioforme等数量减少。【结论】初步判断太子参内生芽孢杆菌RPB-32代谢物(BM)对肠道微生物组成有明显影响,可能对机体糖脂降解、抗感染和抗炎等方面有改善作用。  相似文献   
2.
随着市政污水处理厂的提标改造,出水总氮浓度逐渐降低,但溶解性有机氮(Dissolved Organic Nitrogen,DON)在总氮中的占比却越来越高,对含氮消毒副产物的生成和受纳水体富营养化的潜在贡献不可忽视。正因如此,近年来有关污水处理系统中DON的研究不断增加。本文重点综述了污水处理厂DON特征、生成转化规律及其生态影响。目前通过混凝沉淀、消毒等物理化学工艺的联合最高可去除70%左右的进水DON,但生物处理单元的微生物代谢活动会生成新的DON,主要包括氨基酸、聚胺等,其藻类生物可利用性较高。在已有DON模型基础上,本文提出了更加完善的ASM3-DON模型,纳入了包括内源呼吸、细胞生长、微生物产物再利用在内的6个过程,可用于对DON生成转化进行更加精确的模拟。未来围绕污水处理过程的DON研究应重点关注DON的快速精确定量分析、生成转化规律探究以及高效去除方法开发。  相似文献   
3.
乳酸菌食品级表达载体的研究与应用   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
乳酸菌是能够发酵糖类产生大量有机酸的革兰氏阳性菌的通称,在发酵食品中有着悠久的应用历史。乳酸菌通常被认为是安全菌株,这些微生物的基因工程操作在食品、医学等方面具有广阔的应用前景。表达载体是基因工程中常用的工具之一,大多数乳酸菌的表达载体通常以抗生素抗性基因作为选择标记,然而抗性基因具有潜在的转移性,因此需要开发食品级表达载体。食品级表达载体不含有抗生素的抗性基因,仅包含来自同源宿主或通常被认为是安全生物的DNA。本文介绍了乳酸菌食品级表达载体的构成及其常用宿主,同时对乳酸菌食品级表达载体的应用进行了归纳总结。  相似文献   
4.
[背景] 近岸海域赤潮的发生能显著改变包括真菌在内的微生物群落组成,进而影响海洋中碳氮元素循环。真菌是海洋中重要的分解者,但赤潮过程对真菌群落的影响少有报道。[目的] 探明赤潮过程对真菌群落的影响,对进一步阐释赤潮对生态系统中物质循环的影响具有重要意义。[方法] 针对2017年春季象山港硅藻赤潮,对真菌内源转录间隔区1(Internally Transcribed Spacer 1,ITS1)序列进行高通量测序,研究赤潮过程中真菌群落响应及共现性特征。[结果] 真菌群落的α多样性指数在赤潮暴发的各阶段差异显著,而且均与磷酸盐、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐有显著相关性(P<0.05)。子囊菌门(Ascomycota,90.2%)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota,8.27%)是本次硅藻赤潮的优势菌门,其中子囊菌门遍布赤潮暴发的4个阶段;锤舌菌纲(Leotiomycetes,16.1%)和散囊菌纲(Eurotiomycetes,9.3%)是纲水平上的主要优势类群。赤潮暴发过程中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、磷酸盐和温度等环境因素的改变,驱动真菌群落组成及结构发生显著变化。Helotiales、Eurotiales、Xylariales、Sacc haromycetalesAgaricostilbales构成了真菌群落共现网络的主体。[结论] 真菌群落在赤潮的各阶段具有显著的演替特征,赤潮藻生消是引起真菌群落演替的主要因素,但是环境因子也扮演着重要角色。赤潮过程中,真菌群落同类群内的互作要强于不同类群间的互作,这对维持群落的稳定性具有重要意义。  相似文献   
5.
锑矿废水影响下水库沉积物中细菌群落结构特征研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
李彬  杨爱江  胡霞  徐琨  刘吉 《微生物学通报》2021,48(9):2956-2971
【背景】水库沉积物中的微生物是水生态系统的重要组成部分,在沉积物物质循环中起重要作用。【目的】揭示含锑废水影响下水库表层沉积物中细菌群落结构特征及影响因子。【方法】基于Illumina高通量测序技术,对冷水沟水库表层沉积物细菌群落结构进行研究并分析其与沉积物理化性质的相关性;基于FAPROTAX软件对细菌功能进行预测分析。基于重金属污染负荷指数法评价水库重金属污染情况。【结果】高通量测序结果表明冷水沟水库的细菌群落较为丰富,主要由变形菌门(Proteobacteria,40.32%-20.19%)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,25.89%-4.44%)、脱硫杆菌(Desulfobacter,9.43%-2.02%)等81个门570个属组成。相关性分析表明,不同提取形态的锑及水溶态锑与多个不同分类水平下的细菌群落有显著的相关性。FAPROTAX软件对细菌功能进行预测,结果表明,化能异养功能细菌占优势(占总细菌的14.59%-23.58%),包括化能异养(Chemoheterotrophy)和需氧化能异养(Aerobic Chemoheterotrophy);此外,与碳、氮、硫元素循环有关的功能微生物以及人类病原致病微生物的相对丰度(占总细菌的12.42%-32.89%)也较高,这与水库的地理条件、周边环境及污染物类型有较大的相关性。重金属污染负荷指数法评价结果表明,水库范围重金属污染较重。【结论】研究区域受锑矿废水影响的水库(2015年建成蓄水)沉积物中细菌的群落以变形菌门(Proteobacteria)及拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)为最优势菌群,细菌功能主要以化能异养为主。  相似文献   
6.
An integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system, with one fish cage model surrounded by an island and shellfish rafts, was used in the current study. Planktonic and sediment bacterial communities in the IMTA system were monitored over four seasons in 2019. In both plankton and sediment samples, the most dominant phyla were Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota. Sediment bacterial samples were more similar and had higher levels of biodiversity than planktonic bacterial samples. Obvious seasonal variations were found in plankton samples, but not in sediment samples. No obvious inter-site variations in planktonic and sediment bacteria (fish cages, shellfish rafts and control sites) were found and the results suggested that no obvious impact of feeding operations in fish culture cage model on bacterial communities in the IMTA system was observed in this study. Based on the sequence data, some faecal indicator bacteria and potentially pathogenic bacterial species were detected. According to the results, the bacterial water quality in the IMTA system was acceptable. PICRUSt (Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States) analysis revealed that the primary difference in potential functional roles of planktonic and sediment bacteria was amino acid transport and metabolism, which was active in different seasons.  相似文献   
7.
This study tested genetic microbial source tracking (MST) methods for identifying ruminant- (BacR) and human-associated (HF183/BacR287, BacHum) bacterial faecal contaminants in Ethiopia in a newly created regional faecal sample bank (n = 173). BacR performed well, and its marker abundance was high (100% sensitivity (Sens), 95% specificity (Spec), median log10 8·1 marker equivalents (ME) g−1 ruminant faeces). Human-associated markers tested were less abundant in individual human samples (median: log10 5·4 and 4·2 (ME + 1) g−1) and were not continuously detected (81% Sens, 91% Spec for BacHum; 77% Sens, 91% Spec for HF183/BacR287). Furthermore, the pig-associated Pig2Bac assay was included and performed excellent (100% Sens, 100% Spec). To evaluate the presence of MST targets in the soil microbiome, representative soil samples were tested during a whole seasonal cycle (n = 60). Only BacR could be detected, but was limited to the dry season and to sites of higher anthropogenic influence (log10 3·0 to 4·9 (ME + 1) g−1 soil). In conclusion, the large differences in marker abundances between target and non-target faecal samples (median distances between distributions ≥log10 3 to ≥log10 7) and their absence in pristine soil indicate that all tested assays are suitable candidates for diverse MST applications in the Ethiopian area.  相似文献   
8.
We described the bacterial diversity of walnut grove soils under organic and conventional farming. The bacterial communities of rhizospheric and nonrhizospheric soils of pecan tree (Carya illinoensis K. Koch) were compared considering two phenological stages (sprouting and ripening). Sixteen operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified significantly more abundant according to the plant development, only one according to the farming condition, and none according to the soil origin. The OTUs specificaly abundant according to plant development included Actinobateria (2) and Betaproteobacteria (1) related OTUs more abundant at the sprouting stage, while at the fruit ripening (FR) stage the more abundant OTUs were related to Actinobacteria (6), Alphaproteobacteria (6), and unclassified Bacteria (1). The Gaiellaceae OTU18 (Actinobacteria) was more abundant under conventional farming. Thus, our study revealed that the plant development stage was the main factor shaping the bacterial community structure, while less influence was noticed for the farming condition. The bacterial communities exhibited specific metabolic capacities, a large range of carbon sources being used at the FR stage. The identified OTUs specifically more abundant represent indicators providing useful information on soil condition, potential tools for the management of soil bacterial communities.  相似文献   
9.
This study aims to explore the potential mechanisms of Xinnaokang in atherosclerosis treatment. Firstly, the active components of Xinnaokang were analysed by HPLC, which contains ginsenoside Rg1, puerarin, tanshinone, notoginsenoside R1, ammonium glycyrrhizate and glycyrrhizin. Network pharmacology analysis showed there were 145 common targets of Xinnaokang, including the chemical stress, lipid metabolite, lipopolysaccharide, molecules of bacterial origin, nuclear receptor and fluid shear stress pathways. Then, the animal experiment showed that Xinnaokang reduced the body weight and blood lipid levels of atherosclerotic mice. Vascular plaque formation was increased in atherosclerotic mice, which was markedly reversed by Xinnaokang. In addition, Xinnaokang reduced CAV-1 expression and increased ABCA1, SREBP-1 and LXR expressions in the vasculature. Xinnaokang promoted SREBP-2 and LDLR expressions in the liver but decreased IDOL and PCSK9 expressions, indicating that Xinnaokang regulated lipid transport-related protein expression. Cecal microbiota diversity was reduced in atherosclerotic mice but increased after Xinnaokang treatment. Xinnaokang treatment also improved gut microbiota communities by enriching Actinobacteria, Bifidobacteriales and Bifidobacteriaceae abundances. Metabolic profile showed that Xinnaokang significantly reduced homogentisate, phenylacetylglycine, alanine and methionine expressions in the liver of atherosclerotic mice. Xinnaokang effectively alleviated atherosclerosis, and this effect might be linked with the altered features of the liver metabolite profiles and cecal microbiota.  相似文献   
10.
孙阳  赵燕楠  王浩  吕利群 《微生物学通报》2021,48(12):4541-4554
[背景] 中国是农业生产大国,渔林农牧占比庞大。有机农药无论在畜牧业还是水产养殖业都有广泛的应用。有机磷农药(Organophosphorus Pesticide,OP)是应用最广泛的有机农药,具有低毒和不易残留的优点。OP在水体中大量积累可通过生物富集作用间接影响人体健康,由此产生的生殖毒性不容忽视。光合细菌作为环境友好型水体有益菌,部分菌种具有降解有机农药的功能。[目的] 自上海海洋大学明湖中分离纯化得到一株光合细菌(编号SPZ)。探究其对辛硫磷的耐受程度及降解效果,为养殖水体中有机磷农药的生物降解提供目的菌株。[方法] 利用16S rRNA基因序列分析方法对目标菌株进行种属鉴定;利用紫外分光光度法测定分离菌株SPZ和标准菌株ST在不同接种量下的OD660并测定实验周期内光合细菌在不同浓度辛硫磷中OD660的变化趋势,以示辛硫磷对光合细菌的毒性作用;利用高效液相色谱法(High Performance Liquid Chromatography,HPLC)测定菌株对水体辛硫磷的降解能力;通过HPLC测定加热致死菌与活菌对水体辛硫磷的降解能力,确定菌株对辛硫磷的降解方式。[结果] 16S rRNA基因序列分析表明菌株SPZ与红假单胞菌属相似度高达99%以上,与沼泽红假单胞菌ATCC 17001菌株聚为一支,置信度为100%;菌株SPZ与菌株ST的适宜接种量为10%;菌株SPZ可耐受100 mg/L的辛硫磷,当浓度超过该值后,辛硫磷对光合细菌生长产生显著的抑制作用;当光合细菌进入生长稳定期后添加辛硫磷,1 d时可相对降解辛硫磷(12.97%-26.69%,20.0 mg/L;24.25%-32.85%,2.0 mg/L;16.66%-34.59%,0.2 mg/L),3 d时可相对降解辛硫磷(46.63%-53.95%,20.0 mg/L;24.78%-30.34%,2.0 mg/L;31.92%-39.25%,0.2 mg/L),5 d时可相对降解辛硫磷(93.65%-97.72%,20.0 mg/L;67.69%-74.41%,2.0 mg/L;10.34%-24.27%,0.2 mg/L)。[结论] 菌株SPZ作为一种常见光合细菌,能够有效去除水体中的辛硫磷农药,具有生物修复功能,在水产养殖和有机磷农药污染水处理中有广阔的前景。  相似文献   
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