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1.
In the current work, the quantification of different poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)–potassium phosphate/sodium citrate aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) phase-forming components was investigated by using conductivity and refractive index measurements. For this purpose, refractive index and conductivity calibration curves were obtained for ATPS at different pH values in the presence of different bovine serum albumin (BSA) concentrations. Whereas BSA had no effect on the conductivity, it had a considerable effect on the refractive index. Finally, a convenient dilution of the samples prior to the ATPS constituent determination is needed to ensure no significant influence from BSA.  相似文献   
2.
生物多样性价值的经济学处理:一些理论障碍及其克服   总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17  
徐嵩龄 《生物多样性》2001,9(3):310-318
本文首先对国际生态经济学界围绕“世界生态系统功能价值计量”的方法学论争进行短简的评价,接着阐述了生物多样性价值的新的概念框架,并据此就生物多样性价值计量中尚未得到关注的问题(生物多样性价值的可计算性,价值计量方法的恰当性,价值分量的可加性和可解析性,价值误差测算)提出解决思路,本文最后讨论了两个保护经济学问题方法学构架,其一是生物多样性破坏的经济损失计算,其二是生物多样性保护工程的成本-效益体质与成本-效果分析。  相似文献   
3.
Neural progenitor cells and developing neurons show periodic, synchronous Ca2+ rises even before synapse formation, and the origin of the synchronous activity remains unknown. Here, fluorescence measurement revealed that the membrane potential of the nuclear envelope, which forms an intracellular Ca2+ store, changed with a release of Ca2+ and generated spontaneous, periodic bursts of fluctuations in potential. Furthermore, changes in the nuclear envelope’s potential underlay spike burst generations. These results support the model that voltage fluctuations of the nuclear envelope synchronize Ca2+ release between cells and also function as a current noise generator to cause synchronous burst discharges.  相似文献   
4.
基于最大熵原理的浙江毛竹胸径分布及测量不确定度评定   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
应用最大熵原理构造了测树因子概率分布的统一模型,这样构造的模型具有明确的解析表达式,并能克服常用方法无法解释测树因子服从某种概率分布的真正原因,从而为测树因子统计分布建模提供了一种有效方法.使用1-3阶样本矩、1-4阶样本矩与1-5阶样本矩,用所构建的概率分布统一模型分别对浙江省域毛竹胸径分布分别作了仿真试验,结果表明当采用1-4阶样本矩时,仿真效果最好,而且比通过假设检验的Weibull分布仿真结果理想:(1)图形非常相似,对实测数据都能很好的模拟;(2)最大熵法的离差平方和为0.00018,Weibull分布的为0.00045[1].由于各种系统与非系统的原因,都会影响测量结果的准确性,对所构建的模型作了不确定度评定,表明结果具有很大的可靠性,测量结果的估计:7.85100,测量结果的标准不确定度:1.82710,置信概率:0.96020.  相似文献   
5.
Understanding the evolutionary dynamics of inbreeding and inbreeding depression requires unbiased estimation of inbreeding depression across diverse mating systems. However, studies estimating inbreeding depression often measure inbreeding with error, for example, based on pedigree data derived from observed parental behavior that ignore paternity error stemming from multiple mating. Such paternity error causes error in estimated coefficients of inbreeding (f) and reproductive success and could bias estimates of inbreeding depression. We used complete “apparent” pedigree data compiled from observed parental behavior and analogous “actual” pedigree data comprising genetic parentage to quantify effects of paternity error stemming from extra‐pair reproduction on estimates of f, reproductive success, and inbreeding depression in free‐living song sparrows (Melospiza melodia). Paternity error caused widespread error in estimates of f and male reproductive success, causing inbreeding depression in male and female annual and lifetime reproductive success and juvenile male survival to be substantially underestimated. Conversely, inbreeding depression in adult male survival tended to be overestimated when paternity error was ignored. Pedigree error stemming from extra‐pair reproduction therefore caused substantial and divergent bias in estimates of inbreeding depression that could bias tests of evolutionary theories regarding inbreeding and inbreeding depression and their links to variation in mating system.  相似文献   
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7.
Comparison of three common DNA concentration measurement methods   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Accurate measurement of DNA concentration is important for DNA-based biological applications. DNA concentration is usually determined by the ultraviolet (UV) absorption, fluorescence staining, and diphenylamine reaction methods. However, the best method for quality assurance of measurements is unknown. Here, we comprehensively compared these methods using different types of samples. We found that all three methods accurately determined the concentrations of high-purity DNA solutions. After digestion of DNA samples, concentration measurements revealed that the PicoGreen dye method was very sensitive to the degradation of DNA. The three methods displayed different anti-jamming ability when contaminants such as transfer RNA (tRNA), protein, and organic chemicals were included in DNA solutions. The diphenylamine reaction method gave the highest accuracy, with an average error of approximately 10% between measured and true values. The PicoGreen dye method was influenced by tRNA and protein, and the UV absorption method was susceptible to all kinds of impurities. Overall, the diphenylamine reaction method gave the most accurate results when DNA was mixed with contaminants, the PicoGreen dye method was most suitable for degraded DNA samples or DNA extracted from processed products, and the UV absorbance method was best for evaluating the impurities in DNA solutions.  相似文献   
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9.
Climate change and its associated uncertainties are of concern to natural resource managers. Although aspects of climate change may be novel (e.g., system change and nonstationarity), natural resource managers have long dealt with uncertainties and have developed corresponding approaches to decision-making. Adaptive resource management is an application of structured decision-making for recurrent decision problems with uncertainty, focusing on management objectives, and the reduction of uncertainty over time. We identified 4 types of uncertainty that characterize problems in natural resource management. We examined ways in which climate change is expected to exacerbate these uncertainties, as well as potential approaches to dealing with them. As a case study, we examined North American waterfowl harvest management and considered problems anticipated to result from climate change and potential solutions. Despite challenges expected to accompany the use of adaptive resource management to address problems associated with climate change, we conclude that adaptive resource management approaches will be the methods of choice for managers trying to deal with the uncertainties of climate change. © 2010 The Wildlife Society.  相似文献   
10.
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