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利用线性混合效应模型模拟杉木人工林枝条生物量 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
基于福建省将乐林场45株人工杉木解析木的572组枝条生物量数据,采用线性混合效应模型方法,建立杉木人工林枝条总生物量和枝、叶生物量的预测模型,并利用独立样本数据对模型进行检验.结果表明: 线性混合效应模型比传统多元线性回归模型的拟合精度高.不同随机效应参数的组合,其混合模型的精度不同.考虑异方差结构的混合模型能够消除数据间的异方差性,其精度更高,其中,对于枝条总生物量和叶生物量模型,以指数函数作为异方差结构时的模型精度最高;对于枝生物量模型,以常数加幂函数作为异方差结构时的模型精度最高.模型检验结果表明:对于杉木人工林枝条生物量预测模型,考虑随机效应和异方差结构的线性混合模型的检验精度比传统多元线性回归模型的精度有明显提高. 相似文献
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Martingale-based residuals for survival models 总被引:27,自引:0,他引:27
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饲养条件对黄粉虫幼虫生长及存活的影响 总被引:15,自引:1,他引:14
采用5因素2次正交旋转组合设计,以黄粉虫幼虫饲养过程中饲养温度(X1)、相对湿度(X2)、虫粪筛除频率(X3)、饲养密度(X4)以及饲料含水量(X5)5因素为参试因素,考查它们对黄粉虫高龄幼虫的生长及存活的影响,建立并进行了简化得到了以黄粉虫幼虫增重率及死亡率为目标函数的回归模型:Y增=127.5079 18.6559x5 2.7894x3x4-2.3854x3x5-3.0594x1^2 1.824lx3^2-3.8559x5^2;y死=1.7459 0.4l08x1 0.0975x2 0.9025x4 0.3442x5 0.0834x1^2 0.3060x4^2-0.2623x5^2。分析结果表明:影响黄粉虫幼虫生长后期增重及死亡的主要因素分别为饲料含水量和饲养密度;饲料含水量和温度对黄粉虫增重有着重要的影响,饲养密度、温度、饲料含水量对黄粉虫的死亡有着重要的影响,其影响均达1%或5%显著水平;推荐的饲养条件为:温度24—27℃、相对湿度64%一70%、筛粪频率2—4d/次、饲养密度0.42-0.49g/cm^2、饲料含水量l3.48%-l7.48%。 相似文献
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Islands, which provide multiple ecosystem services, are subject to increasing urbanization pressure due to the ongoing marine development, especially in developing countries. Insights into the island urbanization mechanism and its ecological consequences are essential to sustainable development. In the present paper, the satellite images, nighttime lights, and topographic data were integrated to characterize the spatially explicit urbanization process and mechanism during 1995–2011 in the Zhoushan Island, East China. Furthermore, the corresponding spatially explicit changes in ecosystem services, including net primary productivity (NPP), carbon sequestration and oxygen production (CSOP), nutrient cycling, crop production, and habitat quality, were quantified based on the Carnegie–Ames–Stanford Approach (CASA) and Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) models. The results showed that the Zhoushan Island had experienced a rapid urbanization over the years, with significant urban encroachment on the farmland and tidal flat. Moreover, the urban land expansion was positively correlated with that of the nighttime lights and negatively correlated with the elevation, slope, and the distance to shoreline. These indicated that the urban expansion was resulted from the enhancement of socioeconomic activities, and concentrated in the near-shore areas with low altitude and gentle slope. The urban encroachment on other land use types resulted in a decrease of 3.4 Gg C a−1 NPP, 8.7 Gg a−1 CSOP, 13.2 Gg a−1 nutrient cycling, and 12.3 t a−1 crop production, respectively. In addition, the habitat quality in 11% area of this island degraded substantially. Therefore, to achieve sustainable development of islands, it is urgent to implement more stringent policies, such as island spatial regulation, environmental impact assessment, intensive land use, and urban greening, etc. 相似文献
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Osmotic stress decreases complexity underlying the electrophysiological dynamic in soybean 下载免费PDF全文
- Studies on plant electrophysiology are mostly focused on specific traits of single cells. Inspired by the complexity of the signalling network in plants, and by analogy with neurons in human brains, we sought evidence of high complexity in the electrical dynamics of plant signalling and a likely relationship with environmental cues.
- An EEG‐like standard protocol was adopted for high‐resolution measurements of the electrical signal in Glycine max seedlings. The signals were continuously recorded in the same plants before and after osmotic stimuli with a ?2 MPa mannitol solution. Non‐linear time series analyses methods were used as follows: auto‐correlation and cross‐correlation function, power spectra density function, and complexity of the time series estimated as Approximate Entropy (ApEn).
- Using Approximate Entropy analysis we found that the level of temporal complexity of the electrical signals was affected by the environmental conditions, decreasing when the plant was subjected to a low osmotic potential. Electrical spikes observed only after stimuli followed a power law distribution, which is indicative of scale invariance.
- Our results suggest that changes in complexity of the electrical signals could be associated with water stress conditions in plants. We hypothesised that the power law distribution of the spikes could be explained by a self‐organised critical state (SOC) after osmotic stress.
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M. M. Diawara J. T. Trumble C. F. Quiros J. G. Millar 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》1992,64(2):125-133
Two Apium accessions were compared with the commercial cultivar Tall Utah 52–70R (A. graveolens [L.]) for resistance to Spodoptera exigua (Hübner)(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Oviposition rate was not significantly different between the three genotypes. In all accessions, eggs were usually placed on the upper half of the plants. Implications of this oviposition pattern on S. exigua management in celery are discussed. The wild species A. prostratum ssp prostratum var filiform (A230) showed a significantly higher resistance to S. exigua than 52–70R. The levels of carcinogenic and mutagenic linear furanocoumarins in the commercial cultivar 52–70R (1.41 g/g in the petioles; 5.85 g/g in the leaves) and in the plant accession A. nodiflorum (5.40 g/g in the petioles; 2.99 g/g in the leaves) were far below the concentration reported to produce acute contact dermatitis (18.0 g/g). The levels of furanocoumarins in A. prostratum petioles (186.14 g/g) and leaves (326.45 g/g) were 10 and 18 times higher, respectively, than the concentration known to cause contact dermatitis. However, resistance in A. prostratum was primarily due to non-preference and the linear furanocoumarins did not induce non-preference. Therefore, the resistance shown by this plant accession does not appear to be furanocoumarin-based and may be suitable for transfer to commercial celery for use in S. exigua management. 相似文献