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1.
小麦温敏不育系YM3314的温敏特性及育性转换   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
以YM型小麦温敏雄性不育系YM3314为材料,通过分期播种和剪穗再生分蘖的育性试验分析各播期材料的育性与对应发育时期的气象因子相关性,以揭示YM型小麦温敏雄性不育系的温敏特性及其育性转换温度条件.结果表明:YM3314秋播完全不育或育性有稍微波动,春播稳定部分可育;各播期材料的育性与孕穗期和抽穗期日平均温度呈极显著正相关,而与孕穗期的平均相对湿度呈显著负相关;孕穗前5日至抽穗后5日是YM3314育性转换的关键时期,该段时期日平均气温达到18.18℃以上表现部分可育,低于18℃表现不育.研究证实,YM3314具有温度敏感特性,育性转换的敏感时期在孕穗前5日至抽穗后5日,育性转换的临界温度约18℃左右,在二系杂交小麦研究中有重要的利用价值.  相似文献   
2.
Zonula Occludens (ZO) proteins are ubiquitous scaffolding proteins providing the structural basis for the assembly of multiprotein complexes at the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane and linking transmembrane proteins to the filamentous cytoskeleton. They belong to the large family of membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK)-like proteins comprising a number of subfamilies based on domain content and sequence similarity. ZO proteins were originally described to localize specifically to tight junctions, or Zonulae Occludentes, but this notion was rapidly reconsidered since ZO proteins were found to associate with adherens junctions as well as with gap junctions, particularly with connexin-made intercellular channels, and also with a few other membrane channels. Accumulating evidence reveals that in addition to having passive scaffolding functions in organizing gap junction complexes, including connexins and cytoskeletals, ZO proteins (particularly ZO-1) also actively take part in the dynamic function as well as in the remodeling of junctional complexes in a number of cellular systems. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Reciprocal influences between cell cytoskeleton and membrane channels, receptors and transporters. Guest Editor: Jean Claude Hervé.  相似文献   
3.
目的:构建及筛选高效表达原创性全人源抗人Ig E单克隆抗体的重组工程细胞株。方法:将采用核糖体展示技术筛选到的原创性全人源抗人Ig E单链抗体(sc Fv)基因改构设计为Ig G1κ型全长抗体,构建重组真核表达质粒并电转染CHO-S细胞,Dot-blot法选取多株高表达克隆进行40ml摇瓶批次培养,再据细胞生长特征及抗体表达量选取高表达克隆进行40ml摇瓶及3L摇瓶流加培养研究,选取候选细胞株并对改构前后抗体的生物学活性进行比较研究。结果:成功构建了p MH3-H、p MH3-L、p CApuro-H、p CApuro-L四种重组真核表达质粒并成功共转染CHO-S细胞。完成了4次电转染8轮细胞克隆筛选,获得两株表达量较高的候选克隆Mab1#和Mab2#,在3L摇瓶流加培养中抗体表达量分别达到470mg/L及499mg/L。生物膜光干涉技术(Bio-Layer Interferometry,BLI)亲和力结果显示Mab1#及Mab2#两株单抗亲和力均达到nmol/L级(10-9),与现有唯一上市的抗人Ig E单抗药物奥马珠单抗(Omalizumab)的亲和力相当。选取Mab1#全长抗体与其改构前的母本单链抗体的表面等离子共振技术(surface plasmon resonance,SPR)中和活性比较结果显示Mab1#抑制h Ig E与FcεRI结合的EC50为3nmol/L,EC90为9nmol/L,较改造前亲和力提高了4.3倍,中和活性(EC50)提高了23.7倍,中和活性(EC90)提高了41.3倍。结论:成功将表达原创性全人源抗人Ig E的单链抗体(约25k Da)改造为亲和力及中和活性均大幅提升的全长抗体(约150k Da),获得2个候选细胞株。  相似文献   
4.
We have previously shown that phospholipase D (PLD) pathways have a role in neuronal degeneration; in particular, we found that PLD activation is associated with synaptic injury induced by oxidative stress. In the present study, we investigated the effect of α-synuclein (α-syn) overexpression on PLD signaling. Wild Type (WT) α-syn was found to trigger the inhibition of PLD1 expression as well as a decrease in ERK1/2 phosphorylation and expression levels. Moreover, ERK1/2 subcellular localization was shown to be modulated by WT α-syn in a PLD1-dependent manner. Indeed, PLD1 inhibition was found to alter the neurofilament network and F-actin distribution regardless of the presence of WT α-syn. In line with this, neuroblastoma cells expressing WT α-syn exhibited a degenerative-like phenotype characterized by a marked reduction in neurofilament light subunit (NFL) expression and the rearrangement of the F-actin organization, compared with either the untransfected or the empty vector-transfected cells. The gain of function of PLD1 through the overexpression of its active form had the effect of restoring NFL expression in WT α-syn neurons. Taken together, our findings reveal an unforeseen role for α-syn in PLD regulation: PLD1 downregulation may constitute an early mechanism in the initial stages of WT α-syn-triggered neurodegeneration.  相似文献   
5.
Spherical and cylindrical water droplets on silicon surface are studied to tune the silicon–oxygen interaction. We use molecular dynamics simulations to estimate the contact angle of two different shaped droplets. We found that the cylindrical droplets are independent of the line tension as their three phases curvature is equal zero. Additionally, we compare an analytical model, taking into account or not the Tolman length and we show that for spherical small size droplets, this length is important to be included, in contrast to cylindrical droplets in which the influence of the Tolman length is negligible. We demonstrate that the usual convenient way to exclude linear tension in the general case can give wrong results. Here, we consider cylindrical droplets, since their contact angle does not depend on the droplet size in the range of few to 10ths of nanometres. The droplets are stabilised due to the periodic boundary conditions. This allows us to propose a new parameterisation for nanoscale droplets, which is independent the size of the droplets or its shape, minimising at the same time the calculation procedure. With the proposed methodology, we can extract the epsilon parameter of the interaction potential between a liquid and a solid from the nanoscaled molecular simulation with only as input the macrosized experimental wetting angle for a given temperature.  相似文献   
6.
beta-Crystallins are oligomeric eye lens proteins that are related to monomeric gamma-crystallins by domain swapping: like gamma-crystallins, they are comprised of two similar domains but they differ in having long sequence extensions. beta B2, a major component of beta-crystallin oligomers, self-associates to a homodimer in solution. In two crystal structures of native beta B2, the protein is a 222-symmetric tetramer of eight domains. It has previously been shown that a mutant of rat beta B2-crystallin, in which the bulk of the N- and C-terminal sequence extensions has been deleted, assembles into dimers and tetramers. Here we present the 3.0 A resolution X-ray structure of the tetramer, beta B2 delta NC1. The mutant tetramer has a very similar set of domain interactions to the native structure. However, the structures differ in the relative orientation of the two sets of four domains. The paired N- and C-terminal domain interface, which is at the heart of the dimer structure, is very similar to the native structure. However, the truncation of the C-terminal extension removes an important tryptophan residue, which prevents the extension from acting as a (non-covalent) linker, as it does in native beta B2. There is a knock-on structural effect that removes a contact between extension and covalent linker, and this appears to cause a small twist in the linker that is amplified into a 20 degrees rotation between sets of paired domains.  相似文献   
7.
Grain-mould is a major problem in grain sorghum utilization as mouldy grain has a reduced quality due to the deterioration of the endosperm and reduced embryo viability. Here, our objective was to use genome mapping to improve knowledge of genetic variation and co-variation for grain-mould incidence and other inter-related agronomic traits. Grain-mould incidence, kernel-milling hardness, grain density, plant height, panicle peduncle length, foliar-disease incidence, and plant color were measured on 125 F5 genotypes derived from a cross of Sureño and RTx430. Quantitative trait loci were detected by means of 130 mapped markers (44 microsatellites, 85 AFLPs, one morphological-trait locus) distributed among ten linkage groups covering 970 cM. One to five QTLs affected each trait, with the exception of grain density for which no QTLs were detected. Grain-mould incidence was affected by five QTLs each accounting for between 10 and 23% of the phenotypic variance. The effects and relative positions of QTLs for grain-mould incidence were in accordance with the QTL distribution of several inter-related agronomic traits (e.g., plant height, peduncle length) and with the correlation between these phenotypic traits and grain-mould incidence. The detection of QTLs for grain-mould incidence was dependent on the environment, which is consistent with heritibility estimates that show strong environmental and genotype × environment effects. Several genomic regions affected multiple traits including one region that affected grain-mould incidence, plant height, panicle peduncle length, and grain-milling hardness, and a second region that influenced grain-mould (in four environments) and plant height. One genomic region, which harbors loci for plant color, influenced the severity of foliar disease symptoms and the incidence of grain-mould in one environment. Collectively QTLs detected in the present population explained between 10% and 55% of the phenotypic variance observed for a given trait.  相似文献   
8.
Beloussov LV 《Bio Systems》2012,109(3):262-279
We start from reviewing different epistemological constructions used for explaining morphogenesis. Among them, we explore the explanatory power of a law-centered approach which includes top-down causation and the basic concepts of a self-organization theory. Within such a framework, we discuss the morphomechanical models based upon the presumption of feedbacks between mechanical stresses imposed onto a given embryo part from outside and those generated within the latter as a kind of active response. A number of elementary morphogenetic events demonstrating that these feedbacks are directed towards hyper-restoration (restoration with an overshoot) of the initial state of mechanical stresses are described. Moreover, we show that these reactions are bound together into the larger scale feedbacks. That permits to suggest a reconstruction of morphogenetic successions in early Metazoan development concentrated around two main archetypes distinguished by the blastopores geometry. The perspectives of applying the same approach to cell differentiation are outlined. By discussing the problem of positional information we suggest that the developmental pathway of a given embryo part depends upon its preceded deformations and the corresponding mechanical stresses rather than upon its static position at any moment of development.  相似文献   
9.
鼻咽癌对我国南部居民的健康造成严重的威胁.为了研究鼻咽癌的发病机理,本研究采用了蛋白质组学技术分析和比较了鼻咽癌细胞系(HNE1和CNE1)与永生化的鼻咽上皮细胞系的蛋白质表达谱.采用双向凝胶电泳分离提取的全细胞蛋白质,通过PDQuest软件分析找出在肿瘤中表达变化的蛋白质点,用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间串联质谱(MALDI- TOF/TOF-MS)进行鉴定.共得到了15个在肿瘤细胞系中表达上调和18个在肿瘤细胞系中表达下调的蛋白质,并对其中一些蛋白质的表达进行免疫印迹的验证.这些表达差异的蛋白质与细胞的增殖和调亡、癌症的转移,细胞骨架,信号传导等有关.本研究鉴定了一批可能作为鼻咽癌治疗的药物靶标的蛋白质,并对研究鼻咽癌发病机理提供了相关的线索.  相似文献   
10.
刘雪华  金学林 《生态学杂志》2008,27(12):2123-2128
对秦岭佛坪和长青2个保护区的大熊猫活动密集区的系列生境因子(包括海拔、坡度、坡向、水系密度、生境类型、竹子种类)进行了研究,并分析了其与大熊猫痕迹点的关系。结果表明:佛坪和长青保护区的生境特征既有相似性又有差异性,故2个保护区的大熊猫对生境的选择也呈相似性和差异性;在长青和佛坪保护区各存在1个大熊猫活动密集区,其具有明显的宏观生境特征;大熊猫活动密集区的生境资源可获得性和大熊猫对生境因子的适应选择对应关系明显;秦岭南坡大熊猫选择的生境特征主要是:海拔1 200~2 600 m,坡度20°~40°,水系密度为2~3条·km-2,针阔叶混交林,巴山木竹和秦岭箭竹的分布区。  相似文献   
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