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1.
目的:研究心脏康复运动对冠脉支架植入术后患者血脂、血糖、体重指数及生活质量的影响。方法:对实施冠脉支架植入术的 146例患者进行比较分析,根据随机原则分为试验组76 例及对照组70 例。对照组患者给予常规的健康教育及冠心病二级预防指 导,给予定期随访。试验组患者在此基础上给予规律的康复运动指导。经过6 个月随访,比较两组患者血脂、HbA1C、体重指数及 生活质量情况。结果:试验组患者通过为期6 个月的规律的心脏康复运动指导,其血脂、HbA1C等冠心病危险因素控制情况优于 对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。同时,6个月后,试验组康复运动六月后sF 量表各项评分与对照组同期比较,差异均有统计 学意义(P<0.05)。结论:规范的心脏康复运动指导能够有效改善冠脉支架植入术后患者血脂、血糖情况,提高患者生活质量。  相似文献   
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目的:探讨髋关节骨性关节炎患者生存质量现状及其影响因素。方法:选择60 例髋关节骨性关节炎患者作为观察组,60 例 健康者作为对照组。采用SF-36 生存质量评价量表,比较观察组与对照组SF-36 量表各维度评分;分析影响患者生存质量的因素。 结果:①观察组SF-36 量表各维度评分均显著低于健康对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);②经Pearson 单因素分析, SF-36 量表综合得分在性别、职业、病程、治疗前景、内科慢性疾病数、10m 步行速度及K-L 分级方面的差异均具有统计学意义 (P<0.05~0.01);③经多元Logistic 回归分析,病程(beta=0.772,S.E.=0.689,Wald=34.027,P<0.05,OR=1.99)、治疗前景(beta=0.778,S. E.=0.542,Wald=55.638,P<0.05,OR=1.88)、内科慢性疾病数(beta=0.929,S.E.=0.301,Wald=12.382,P<0.05,OR=1.72)、10m 步行速 度(beta=0.661,S.E.=0.381,Wald=19.929,P<0.05,OR=1.69)及K-L 分级(beta=0.992,S.E.=0.526,Wald=28.371,P<0.05,OR=2.31)为影 响髋关节骨性关节炎患者生存质量的危险因素。结论:髋关节骨性关节炎患者生存质量明显差于健康者,病程、治疗前景、内科慢 性疾病数、10m步行速度及K-L分级是影响患者生存质量的危险因素。  相似文献   
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目的:探讨药学干预对乳腺癌患者辅助化疗期间恶心呕吐和生活质量的影响。方法:采用前瞻性队列研究,共入组87例乳腺癌术后患者。在接受辅助化疗前随机分为干预组(n=44)和对照组(n=43),干预组患者在接受化疗和常规支持治疗的同时,针对化疗引起的恶心呕吐由临床药师对患者进行咨询并指导用药,优化对症治疗方案,对照组仅接受化疗和常规支持治疗。比较两组患者对止吐药物的完全反应率、恶心严重程度、呕吐频次和生活质量。结果:化疗的前3个周期两组对止吐药物的完全缓解率分别为37.2%和63.6%,46.5%和75.0%,44.2%和72.7%,干预组完全缓解率明显高于对照组(P=0.014,P=0.006,P=0.007)。干预组的急性和迟发性恶心较对照组轻(P=0.023,P=0.045),急性和迟发性呕吐频率较对照组明显减少(P=0.006,P=0.034)。生活质量测评显示干预组患者的总健康状况较对照组升高(P=0.028),恶心、呕吐和食欲丧失的症状评分较对照组降低(P=0.025,P=0.045)。结论:临床药师对乳腺癌患者辅助化疗期间进行药学干预可明显减轻患者恶心、呕吐的副反应,并可改善生活质量。临床药师参与乳腺癌患者辅助化疗期间的对症治疗值得在临床广泛推广。  相似文献   
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Climate change may shift interactions of invasive plants, herbivorous insects and native plants, potentially affecting biological control efficacy and non‐target effects on native species. Here, we show how climate warming affects impacts of a multivoltine introduced biocontrol beetle on the non‐target native plant Alternanthera sessilis in China. In field surveys across a latitudinal gradient covering their full distributions, we found beetle damage on A. sessilis increased with rising temperature and plant life history changed from perennial to annual. Experiments showed that elevated temperature changed plant life history and increased insect overwintering, damage and impacts on seedling recruitment. These results suggest that warming can shift phenologies, increase non‐target effect magnitude and increase non‐target effect occurrence by beetle range expansion to additional areas where A. sessilis occurs. This study highlights the importance of understanding how climate change affects species interactions for future biological control of invasive species and conservation of native species.  相似文献   
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Bacterial symbiosis has played a fundamental role in the evolution of eukaryotes. However, we still know little about how cooperative relationships with bacteria originate, and why they form in some host species but not others. Facultative symbionts that are beneficial, but not essential, provide unique insights into these processes. We use data from over a hundred aphid species to test if host life history is associated with the presence of facultative symbionts. We find that aphid species that have mutualistic associations with ants that protect them from natural enemies are less likely to carry symbionts that provide similar benefits. We also find one symbiont species occurs more frequently in unrelated aphid species that specialise on certain plant genera. In addition, aphid species that attack multiple plants often carry different symbiont complements. Our findings provide evidence of the ecological conditions that facilitate stable, mutually beneficial relationships between microbes and eukaryotic hosts.  相似文献   
8.
Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) is responsible for the immediate response to Gram‐negative bacteria and signals via two main pathways by recruitment of distinct pairs of adaptor proteins. Mal‐MyD88 [Mal (MyD88‐adaptor‐like) ‐ MYD88 (Myeloid differentiation primary response gene (88))] is recruited to the plasma membrane to initiate the signaling cascade leading to production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines while TRAM‐TRIF [TRAM (TRIF‐related adaptor molecule)‐TRIF (TIR‐domain‐containing adapter‐inducing interferon‐β)] is recruited to early endosomes to initiate the subsequent production of type I interferons. We have investigated the dynamics of TLR4 and TRAM during lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. We found that LPS induced a CD14‐dependent immobile fraction of TLR4 in the plasma membrane. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRF) revealed that LPS stimulation induced clustering of TLR4 into small punctate structures in the plasma membrane containing CD14/LPS and clathrin, both in HEK293 cells and the macrophage model cell line U373‐CD14. These results suggest that laterally immobilized TLR4 receptor complexes are being formed and prepared for endocytosis. RAB11A was found to be involved in localizing TRAM to the endocytic recycling compartment (ERC) and to early sorting endosomes. Moreover, CD14/LPS but not TRAM was immobilized on RAB11A‐positive endosomes, which indicates that TRAM and CD14/LPS can independently be recruited to endosomes.   相似文献   
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We review how trophically transmitted helminths adapt to the special problems associated with successive hosts in complex cycles. In intermediate hosts, larvae typically show growth arrest at larval maturity (GALM). Theoretical models indicate that optimization of size at GALM requires larval mortality rate to increase with time between infection and GALM: low larval growth or paratenicity (no growth) arises from unfavourable growth and mortality rates in the intermediate host and low transmission rates to the definitive host. Reverse conditions favour high GALM size or continuous growth. Some support is found for these predictions. Intermediate host manipulation involves predation suppression (which decreases host vulnerability before the larva can establish in its next host) and predation enhancement (which increases host vulnerability after the larva can establish in its next host). Switches between suppression and enhancement suggest adaptive manipulation. Manipulation conflicts can occur between larvae of different ages/species a host individual. Larvae must usually develop to GALM before becoming infective to the next host, possibly due to trade‐offs, e.g. between growth/survival in the present host and infection ability for the next host. In definitive hosts, if mortality rate is constant, optimal growth before switching to reproduction is set by the growth/morality rate ratio. Rarely, no growth occurs in definitive hosts, predicted (with empirical support) when larval size on infection exceeds growth/mortality rate. Tissue migration patterns and residence sites may be explained by variations in growth/mortality rates between host gut and soma, migration costs and benefits of releasing eggs in the gut.  相似文献   
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