几种濒危植物及其近缘类群总DNA的提取与鉴定

用低ｐＨ 介质，高盐沉淀蛋白质方法成功地从银杉（Ｃａｔｈａｙａ ａｒｇｙｒｏｐｈｙｌｌａ Ｃｈｕｎ ｅｔＫｕａｎｇ）、矮牡丹（Ｐａｅｏｎｉａ ｓｕｆｆｒｕｔｉｃｏｓａ ｖａｒ． ｓｐｏｎｔａｎｅａ）、南川升麻（Ｃｉｍ ｉｃｉｆｕｇａ ｎａｎｃｈｕａｎｅｎｓｉｓＨｓｉａｏ）、裂叶沙参（Ａｄｅｎｏｐｈｏｒａ ｌｏｂｏｐｈｙｌｌａ）的同属种泡沙参（Ａ． ｐｏｔａｎｉｎｉｉ）等植物中提取和部分纯化了细胞总ＤＮＡ，并对其产率、质量和纯度作了鉴定。此方法的关键是用了一个低ｐＨ提取介质，它能有效防止组织破碎及沉淀大量材料时的电离化作用及酚化合物的进一步氧化。所得ＤＮＡ 不需经氯化铯梯度离心或柱层析，直接可用于限制性片断长度多态性（ＲＦＬＰ）及随机扩增的ＤＮＡ多态性（ＲＡＰＤ）等分子水平的遗传标记。为检测濒危植物的遗传多样性提供了一套迅速、简便和可靠的技术方案  

非典型肺炎病例标本中新型冠状病毒的分离与鉴定

目的对非典型肺炎的病原体进行分离鉴定,为该病的诊断、预防和治疗提供依据。方法采用细胞培养和乳鼠接种法,从非典型肺炎病例标本中分离致病病原体,通过电镜形态学、血清学和动物致病性观察及RTPCR扩增与部分基因序列分析,对分离的病原体进行鉴定。结果成功地从死亡病例尸解的肺组织标本和患者鼻咽拭子标本中采用细胞培养法分离出病原体。通过电镜在病变细胞及其培养上清中观察到大量冠状病毒样颗粒。免疫荧光染色检测非典型肺炎患者血清,表明分离的病毒与此次流行的非典型肺炎密切相关。分离的病毒可对乳鼠致病,并在发病乳鼠的肺组织标本中通过电镜同样观察到冠状病毒样颗粒。从非典型肺炎病例尸解肺组织、传代发病小鼠肺组织及分离物感染的细胞培养物中,通过RTPCR可分别扩增出冠状病毒的cDNA片段,测序结果显示其核苷酸序列与已知冠状病毒的同源性在60%左右。结论从非典型肺炎病例标本中已成功分离出一种新的冠状病毒,它与此次流行的非典型肺炎密切相关,很可能是此次流行的非典型肺炎的主要病原体 。  

An optimized freeze-squeeze method for the recovery of DNA fragments from agarose gels

A procedure for quick and simple elution of DNA from agarose gels is presented. After electrophoresis, bands of interest are cut out of the gel and the slices are equilibrated in a neutral salt buffer. The slices are then frozen and centrifuged through a filtration assembly whereby the DNA-containing buffer is squeezed out. The method is simple, quick, and suitable for the safe handling of small amounts of DNA (less than 1 microgram). The isolated DNA is susceptible to any enzymatic reaction and also to chemical sequencing. The method is most useful for rapid preparation of specifically end-labeled DNA fragments (e.g., for sequencing), but may also be utilized for any other preparative applications.  

Strategies for microsatellite isolation: a review

In the last few years microsatellites have become one of the most popular molecular markers used with applications in many different fields. High polymorphism and the relative ease of scoring represent the two major features that make microsatellites of large interest for many genetic studies. The major drawback of microsatellites is that they need to be isolated de novo from species that are being examined for the first time. The aim of the present paper is to review the various methods of microsatellite isolation described in the literature with the purpose of providing useful guidelines in making appropriate choices among the large number of currently available options. In addition, we propose a fast and easy protocol which is a combination of different published methods.  

小型昆虫DNA提取时匀浆方法的改进

应用改进的方法方便地提取了高质量的单头蚜虫基因组DNA ,有助于解决小型昆虫研究工作中单头虫体的DNA提取困难问题  

木麻黄小枝提取物的分离鉴定及其对幼苗的化感作用

木麻黄是我国华南沿海重要的防护林树种，易衰退．从化感作用角度探讨其衰退原因．结果表明，木麻黄小枝提取物显著地抑制其幼苗的生长，具有化感作用．利用色谱和波谱技术从提取物中分离鉴定了５种化感物质：Ａ．山奈黄素－３－α－鼠李糖苷；Ｂ．懈皮黄素－３－α－阿拉伯糖苷；Ｃ．樨草素－３＇，４＇－二甲氧基－７－β－鼠李糖苷；Ｄ．山奈黄素－３－β－双鼠李糖苷；Ｅ．懈皮黄素－３－β－葡萄糖苷，均为黄酮类化合物．用Ａ、Ｂ和Ｃ对木麻黄幼苗进行生物测定表明，３种化感物均显著地抑制木麻黄幼苗生长，尤其是抑制根生长．  

土壤拮抗放线菌的分离和筛选

针对秦岭太白山区不同类型的土壤进行放线菌的分离、筛选。在实验过程中初步解决了土壤中的细菌和真菌在放线菌分离培养中的污染问题 ,并对所分离获得的土壤放线菌测定了其对 7种病原真菌的拮抗性。结果表明 :10 3 倍土壤稀释浓度为分离放线菌的最佳土壤稀释浓度 ;重铬酸钾是一种高效、方便、廉价的杂菌抑制剂 ,其有效抑菌浓度为 5× 10 -6;其次为放线菌酮 ,有效抑制浓度为 4× 10 -5;杂草荒地中放线菌种类最多 ,而华北落叶松林中种类较少 ,但数量巨大 ;在拮抗实验中 ,筛选出了对 7种病原真菌具有强烈抑菌和杀菌作用或同时有抑菌和杀菌作用的菌株为S 5 12 0。  

Isolation of plant DNA: A fast,inexpensive, and reliable method

We describe here a simple method to isolate DNA of high molecular weight from a wide variety of plant materials, such as trees, herbaceous plants, cell suspension cultures, calli, seeds, dried embryos, ferns and lichens. The crucial step of the extraction is the use of an acidic extraction medium. When necessary, the sample was separated on a fast RPC-5 column providing us with highly purified DNA suitable not only for restriction endonuclease analyses but also for PCR experiments, RLFP analyses, or detection of adducts.  

介绍一种简单高效的植物总RNA提取方法

在液氮中研磨小麦幼叶和不同发育时期的种子,经含0.1% SDS和0.1%十二烷基肌氨酸钠(LDS)的尿素缓冲液裂解后,醋酸钠和氯仿沉淀变性蛋白质,异丙醇沉淀核酸,溶解后经2.5mol/L LiCl沉淀总RNA,洗涤后就可得到高质量的总RNA,其OD260/OD280 为2.05~2.10,28S和18S RNA带清晰,叶片总RNA还可得到23S和16S RNA带,产率可达5mg RNA/10g材料。当使用含1% SDS和1% LDS的尿素缓冲液裂解材料时,则可用于DNA的分离提取,其分子大小可达50~100kb以上。 Abstract:Wheat leaf and seeds at different development stages had been squashed in liquid nitrogen,then lysised by urea buffer which contains 0.1% SDS and 0.1% LDS,denatured protein had been removed by NaAc and chloroform precipitation,total RNA was further purified by LiCl.The RNA we obtained had sharp bands of 28S and 18S after agarose gel electrophoresis,23S and 16S RNA bands can also be seen clearly in leaf RNA extract,the value of OD260/OD280 of RNA was 205~210.5mg RNA can been isolated from 10g leaf of wheat.This method can also been used in high molecular weight DNA isolation but the concentration of SDS and LDS must be increased to 1%.  

改良CTAB法用于多年生植物组织基因组DNA的大量提取*

根据多年生植物组织富含多酚、多糖的具体特性，对现有的DNA提取方法进行了改进。通过增加提取缓冲液中b-巯基乙醇用量，简化氯仿/异戊醇抽提液步骤，改用经-20℃预冷异丙醇沉淀DNA等，对CTAB法加以改进。改进后方法具有以下优点：（1）获得的DNA质量良好，提取过程无明显的DNA降解，基本上排除了多酚物质的干扰；（2）用获得的DNA进行Southern杂交，可得到理想的杂交信号，可满足相关的分子研究要求；（3）操作简便。Abstract It is a difficult problem to isolate high quality DNA from plants containing a high contents of polyphenolics and polysaccharose, such as Actinidia plant. The protocol described in this paper is a modified CTAB (hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide) method. High quality genomic DNA can be isolated from Actinidia plant using the improved method. The DNA is good enough for Southern blot and other uses in DNA research. The protocol is also efficient for quick and macro-DNA extraction.