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1.
Parkinson's disease (PD) and diabetes belong to the most common neurodegenerative and metabolic syndromes, respectively. Epidemiological links between these two frequent disorders are controversial. The neuropathological hallmarks of PD are protein aggregates composed of amyloid‐like fibrillar and serine‐129 phosphorylated (pS129) α‐synuclein (AS). To study if diet‐induced obesity could be an environmental risk factor for PD‐related α‐synucleinopathy, transgenic (TG) mice, expressing the human mutant A30P AS in brain neurons, were subjected after weaning to a lifelong high fat diet (HFD). The TG mice became obese and glucose‐intolerant, as did the wild‐type controls. Upon aging, HFD significantly accelerated the onset of the lethal locomotor phenotype. Coinciding with the premature movement phenotype and death, HFD accelerated the age of onset of brainstem α‐synucleinopathy as detected by immunostaining with antibodies against pathology‐associated pS129. Amyloid‐like neuropathology was confirmed by thioflavin S staining. Accelerated onset of neurodegeneration was indicated by Gallyas silver‐positive neuronal dystrophy as well as astrogliosis. Phosphorylation of the activation sites of the pro‐survival signaling intermediate Akt was reduced in younger TG mice after HFD. Thus, diet‐induced obesity may be an environmental risk factor for the development of α‐synucleinopathies. The molecular and cellular mechanisms remain to be further elucidated.

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Nowadays, millimeter scale power sources are key devices for providing autonomy to smart, connected, and miniaturized sensors. However, until now, planar solid state microbatteries do not yet exhibit a sufficient surface energy density. In that context, architectured 3D microbatteries appear therefore to be a good solution to improve the material mass loading while keeping small the footprint area. Beside the design itself of the 3D microbaterry, one important technological barrier to address is the conformal deposition of thin films (lithiated or not) on 3D structures. For that purpose, atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology is a powerful technique that enables conformal coatings of thin film on complex substrate. An original, robust, and highly efficient 3D scaffold is proposed to significantly improve the geometrical surface of miniaturized 3D microbattery. Four functional layers composing the 3D lithium ion microbattery stacking has been successfully deposited on simple and double microtubes 3D templates. In depth synchrotron X‐ray nanotomography and high angle annular dark field transmission electron microscope analyses are used to study the interface between each layer. For the first time, using ALD, anatase TiO2 negative electrode is coated on 3D tubes with Li3PO4 lithium phosphate as electrolyte, opening the way to all solid‐state 3D microbatteries. The surface capacity is significantly increased by the proposed topology (high area enlargement factor – “thick” 3D layer), from 3.5 μA h cm?2 for a planar layer up to 0.37 mA h cm?2 for a 3D thin film (105 times higher).  相似文献   
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一株高效四环素降解菌的分离鉴定及其降解性能研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
四环素类抗生素在畜牧养殖业中广泛使用,但其结构复杂,难降解,容易在水环境中积蓄,进而对生态环境产生深远影响,许多国家已将抗生素污染列为重要的环境问题展开了相关的基础研究。近年来利用微生物降解环境中的抗生素污染物成为研究热点。采用选择性培养基,从某制药厂排污口的水样中分离筛选到1株具有较高降解四环素能力的菌株4002,经形态观察、生理生化测定和16S r DNA序列分析,将该菌初步鉴定为Advenella sp.。从p H、溶氧量、无机盐等方面对菌株降解四环素的性能进行研究。结果表明,该菌株降解四环素的适宜p H为7.0,在有氧条件下,30℃,150 r/min振荡培养6 d,可使初始浓度为50μg/m L四环素降解率达57.8%。无机盐对降解率有显著影响,添加Fe SO4和Mn SO4对四环素降解有促进作用,Mg SO4影响不大,Ca SO4则有抑制作用。在培养至第8天时,培养液经HPLC检测显示6.022 min处出现新的吸收峰,推测为降解产物。  相似文献   
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目前,国内普遍采用亮菌固体发酵工艺生产亮菌制剂。采用小型发酵罐液体深层发酵和液体静置发酵对亮菌发酵工艺进行优化研究。液体深层发酵采用28℃,200 r/min,通气量1∶1 v/v·m,培养7 d,亮菌干重为16.55g/L,其中菌丝体中多糖含量为5.42%,蛋白含量为1.75%;液体静置发酵采用500 mL三角瓶,28℃,150 r/min,摇瓶3 d后静置发酵14 d,亮菌干重可达10.69 g/L,发酵液中多糖含量为1.016 g/L,蛋白含量为0.320 g/L。对液体静置发酵进一步研究发现其发酵液中亮菌甲素含量可达3.118 mg/L。由此可见,两种发酵方式在保证生物量和活性成分的前提下,缩短了发酵周期,均优于传统的固体发酵工艺,值得工业生产借鉴。  相似文献   
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卢红芳  王晨阳  郭天财  尹云星 《生态学报》2014,34(13):3612-3619
为探讨花后逆境胁迫影响小麦籽粒氮代谢及蛋白质合成的生理机制,采用盆栽和人工气候室模拟花后高温的方式,研究了灌浆前期短暂高温和干旱胁迫对两个不同品质类型小麦品种籽粒蛋白质含量、组分及谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性的影响。结果表明,灌浆前期高温、干旱及其复合胁迫均显著提高两品种籽粒蛋白质及组分含量,但降低谷/醇比。逆境胁迫使蛋白质积累量和粒重显著下降,其中高温处理使两品种蛋白质产量分别下降20.7%和12.4%,粒重下降23.2%和24.0%;干旱胁迫使两品种蛋白质产量分别下降16.2%和11.9%,粒重下降18.0%和16.0%;复合胁迫使两品种蛋白质产量分别下降26.1%和15.8%,粒重下降29.9%和28.9%。高温、干旱及其复合胁迫下两品种籽粒氮代谢关键酶活性升高。花后8,17,23,29 d的GS活性和花后11,17 d的GPT活性与蛋白质含量呈显著或极显著正相关,花后23,35 d的GS和花后8,17,23 d的GPT活性与蛋白质产量呈显著或极显著负相关,花后8,17,23,29,35 d的GS和花后8,11,17,23 d的GPT活性与籽粒产量呈显著或极显著负相关。试验条件下,高温处理对籽粒蛋白质合成的影响大于干旱胁迫,二者具有叠加效应,强筋小麦品种郑麦366受逆境胁迫的影响较大。  相似文献   
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Metabarcoding has been used in a range of ecological applications such as taxonomic assignment, dietary analysis and the analysis of environmental DNA. However, after a decade of use in these applications there is little consensus on the extent to which proportions of reads generated corresponds to the original proportions of species in a community. To quantify our current understanding, we conducted a structured review and meta‐analysis. The analysis suggests that a weak quantitative relationship may exist between the biomass and sequences produced (slope = 0.52 ± 0.34, p < 0.01), albeit with a large degree of uncertainty. None of the tested moderators, sequencing platform type, the number of species used in a trial or the source of DNA, were able to explain the variance. Our current understanding of the factors affecting the quantitative performance of metabarcoding is still limited: additional research is required before metabarcoding can be confidently utilized for quantitative applications. Until then, we advocate the inclusion of mock communities when metabarcoding as this facilitates direct assessment of the quantitative ability of any given study.  相似文献   
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Evidence suggests that global maize yield declines with a warming climate, particularly with extreme heat events. However, the degree to which important maize processes such as biomass growth rate, growing season length (GSL) and grain formation are impacted by an increase in temperature is uncertain. Such knowledge is necessary to understand yield responses and develop crop adaptation strategies under warmer climate. Here crop models, satellite observations, survey, and field data were integrated to investigate how high temperature stress influences maize yield in the U.S. Midwest. We showed that both observational evidence and crop model ensemble mean (MEM) suggests the nonlinear sensitivity in yield was driven by the intensified sensitivity of harvest index (HI), but MEM underestimated the warming effects through HI and overstated the effects through GSL. Further analysis showed that the intensified sensitivity in HI mainly results from a greater sensitivity of yield to high temperature stress during the grain filling period, which explained more than half of the yield reduction. When warming effects were decomposed into direct heat stress and indirect water stress (WS), observational data suggest that yield is more reduced by direct heat stress (?4.6 ± 1.0%/°C) than by WS (?1.7 ± 0.65%/°C), whereas MEM gives opposite results. This discrepancy implies that yield reduction by heat stress is underestimated, whereas the yield benefit of increasing atmospheric CO2 might be overestimated in crop models, because elevated CO2 brings yield benefit through water conservation effect but produces limited benefit over heat stress. Our analysis through integrating data and crop models suggests that future adaptation strategies should be targeted at the heat stress during grain formation and changes in agricultural management need to be better accounted for to adequately estimate the effects of heat stress.  相似文献   
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To investigate the effect and mechanism of microRNA-186-5p (miR-186-5p) on the apoptosis in high glucose (HG)–treated cardiomyocytes. Diabetic cardiomyopathy model was established in cardiomyocytes by stimulating with HG. The expressions of miR-186-5p and toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction or Western blot analysis, respectively. Apoptosis was detected in HG-treated cardiomyocytes by flow cytometry and Western blot analysis. The interaction between miR-186-5p and TLR3 was explored by bioinformatics analysis and luciferase activity assay. Results showed that miR-186-5p expression was downregulated in HG-treated cardiomyocytes and its overexpression reversed HG-induced apoptosis and cleaved caspase-3 protein expression. Moreover, TLR3 was indicated as a target of miR-186-5p and regulated by miR-186-5p. Knockdown of TLR3 suppressed HG-induced apoptosis and cleaved caspase-3 protein expression. Besides, restoration of TLR3 ablated the effect of miR-186-5p on cell apoptosis. Collectively, miR-186-5p attenuated HG-induced apoptosis by regulating TLR3 in cardiomyocytes, providing novel biomarker for treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy.  相似文献   
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