PAC1R agonist maxadilan enhances hADSC viability and neural differentiation potential

Pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a structurally endogenous peptide with many biological roles. However, little is known about its presence or effects in human adipose‐derived stem cells (hADSCs). In this study, the expression of PACAP type I receptor (PAC1R) was first confirmed in hADSCs. Maxadilan, a specific agonist of PAC1R, could increase hADSC proliferation as determined by Cell Counting Kit‐8 and cell cycle analysis and promote migration as shown in wound‐healing assays. Maxadilan also showed anti‐apoptotic activity in hADSCs against serum withdrawal‐induced apoptosis based on Annexin V/propidium iodide analysis and mitochondrial membrane potential assays. The anti‐apoptotic effects of maxadilan correlated with the down‐regulation of Cleaved Caspase 3 and Caspase 9 as well as up‐regulation of Bcl‐2. The chemical neural differentiation potential could be enhanced by maxadilan as indicated through quantitative PCR, Western blot and cell morphology analysis. Moreover, cytokine neural redifferentiation of hADSCs treated with maxadilan acquired stronger neuron‐like functions with higher voltage‐dependent tetrodotoxin‐sensitive sodium currents, higher outward potassium currents and partial electrical impulses as determined using whole‐cell patch clamp recordings. Maxadilan up‐regulated the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway associated with dimer‐dependent activity of PAC1R, promoting cell viability that was inhibited by XAV939, and it also activated the protein kinase A (PKA) signalling pathway associated with ligand‐dependent activity of PAC1R, enhancing cell viability and neural differentiation potential that was inhibited by H‐89. In summary, these results demonstrated that PAC1R is present in hADSCs, and maxadilan could enhance hADSC viability and neural differentiation potential in neural differentiation medium.     

Effect of T3 hormone on neural differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells

Human adult stem cells, which are capable of self‐renewal and differentiation into other cell types, can be isolated from various tissues. There are no ethical and rejection problems as in the case of embryonic stem cells, so they are a promising source for cell therapy. The human body contains a great amount of adipose tissue that contains high numbers of mesenchymal stem cells. Human adipose‐derived stem cells (hADSCs) could be easily induced to form neuron‐like cells, and because of its availability and abundance, we can use it for clinical cell therapy. On the other hand, T₃ hormone as a known neurotropic factor has important impressions on the nervous system. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of T₃ treatment on neural differentiation of hADSCs. ADSCs were harvested from human adipose tissue, after neurosphere formation, and during final differentiation, treatment with T₃ was performed. Immunocytochemistry, real‐time RT‐PCR, Western blotting techniques were used for detection of nestin, MAP2, and GFAP markers in order to confirm the effects of T₃ on neural differentiation of hADSCs. Our results showed an increase in the number of glial cells but reduction in neuronal cells number fallowing T₃ treatment. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

下调microRNA-34a增强对人脂肪干细胞成骨诱导分化作用的初步探索

目的:颅颌面临界骨缺损是整复外科常见疾患,常常给患者的身心带来障碍和压力。为解决骨形成不足这一难题,我们拟通过表观遗传修饰的手段,调节microRNA-34a在人脂肪干细胞中的表达,来探讨microRNA-34a对人脂肪干细胞成骨诱导分化的影响。方法:分离培养原代人脂肪干细胞,以慢病毒为转染载体,分三组对其进行上调、下调microRNA-34a的表达及阴性对照。然后对其进行成骨诱导培养,于诱导的第7天行碱性磷酸酶(ALP)染色,第14天行茜素红(Alizarin Red)染色,定性比较转染后人脂肪干细胞成骨诱导分化的效果。结果:成功分离和培养原代人脂肪干细胞,并以慢病毒高效率转染调控microRNA-34a的表达。对比碱性磷酸酶和茜素红染色可见下调microRNA-34a组成骨效率最高,其次是阴性对照组,上调组效率最低。结论:1.人脂肪干细胞通过慢病毒转染获得高效率的表观遗传修饰;2.下调microRNA-34a的表达对人脂肪干细胞成骨的诱导分化有一定的促进作用。