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Louise Rosson 《New Zealand journal of zoology.》2013,40(4):267-269
Abstract The Otago Regional Council could perhaps be renamed the Otago Rabbit Council. Some 35% of our budget—$8 million—goes annually towards dealing with rabbits, which certainly meet the definition of a pest (an animal which “disrupts management objectives” and lives at a population density exceeding “what society considers to be an acceptable level”). We can only hope that the day will come when we can, with confidence, say that the problem is being solved and when public and private financial inputs into rabbit control can be set at a far more reasonable level. 相似文献
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Li Wan Markus Koeck Simon J. Williams Anthony R. Ashton Gregory J. Lawrence Hitoshi Sakakibara Mikiko Kojima Christine Böttcher Daniel J. Ericsson Adrienne R. Hardham David A. Jones Jeffrey G. Ellis Bostjan Kobe Peter N. Dodds 《Molecular Plant Pathology》2019,20(2):211-222
During infection, plant pathogens secrete effector proteins to facilitate colonization. In comparison with our knowledge of bacterial effectors, the current understanding of how fungal effectors function is limited. In this study, we show that the effector AvrL567-A from the flax rust fungus Melampsora lini interacts with a flax cytosolic cytokinin oxidase, LuCKX1.1, using both yeast two-hybrid and in planta bimolecular fluorescence assays. Purified LuCKX1.1 protein shows catalytic activity against both N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)-adenine (2iP) and trans-zeatin (tZ) substrates. Incubation of LuCKX1.1 with AvrL567-A results in increased catalytic activity against both substrates. The crystal structure of LuCKX1.1 and docking studies with AvrL567-A indicate that the AvrL567 binding site involves a flexible surface-exposed region that surrounds the cytokinin substrate access site, which may explain its effect in modulating LuCKX1.1 activity. Expression of AvrL567-A in transgenic flax plants gave rise to an epinastic leaf phenotype consistent with hormonal effects, although no difference in overall cytokinin levels was observed. We propose that, during infection, plant pathogens may differentially modify the levels of extracellular and intracellular cytokinins. 相似文献
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The levels of cyanogenic glucosides (linamarin and lotaustralin) and the activity of linamarase were studied in 5-day old
seedlings of oil flax (Linum usitatissimum L., cv. LCSD 200) under different environmental conditions. White light enhanced the cyanoglucosides content, and this effect
depended on its intensity and the time of exposure. The level of cyanoglucosides rose with temperature, and it reached the
highest level at the highest temperature (30 °C).
Linamarase (EC. 3.2.1.21) activity was the highest at 20°C, especially in light-grown seedlings. Lower enzyme activity at
the extreme temperature (15 and 30 °C) was observed.
Water stress (low water potential, ω=−0.34 MPa) reduced by more than twice the cyanoglucoside level and linamarase activity.
The possible protective, or/and regulatory roles of cyanogenic glucosides was discussed. 相似文献
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Summary Linseed flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) was transformed by bombarding hypocotyl tissues with gold particles coated with plasmid DNA carrying the β-glucuronidase
(GUS) (uid-A) and neomycin phosphotransferase II (npt-II) genes. Transient expression of the introduced β-glucuronidase gene was used to study factors influencing the DNA delivery,
while progeny analyses confirmed stable transformation. The efficiency of DNA delivery, uptake and expression was significantly
affected by the duration of hypocotyl preculture, bombardment distances, the level of chamber vacuum, the quantity of DNA,
and the size of particles. Nineteen independent GUS-positive shoots were recovered and regenerated into whole plants, from
which 10 plants successfully produced viable seeds. Analysis of T1 and T2 self pollinated progeny for histochemical and fluorometric GUS assays and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses for uid-A, plus npt-II PCR and germination assays in progeny plants demonstrated that the transgenes were expressed in selected plants and transmitted
to progeny, usually via a single Mendelian locus. The results show that particle bombardment can be used to produce transgenic
Linum plants. The system is rapid, simple and offers an alternative to Agrobacterium methods. 相似文献
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David Roger Philippe Gallusci Yves Meyer Alain David Hélène David 《Physiologia plantarum》1998,103(2):271-279
Flax ( Linum usitatissimum ) hypocotyl protoplasts immobilized in a calcium‐alginate matrix give rise to embryo‐like structures. A direct correlation was established between the presence of a set of ionically‐bound cell wall proteins, which includes the basic polypeptides P184 and P183 with an apparent molecular mass of 25 kDa, and this morphogenic response. Microsequencing of tryptic fragments from P184 and P183 indicated homologies with the chitinase family. These homologies were confirmed by demonstrating that, after renaturation, such proteins express a potential chitinase activity in SDS‐PAGE gel containing glycol chitin as synthetic substrate. Using degenerate primers from P184 internal sequences, we isolated one partial genomic sequence of a chitinase of 626 bp from which a putative 74‐amino acid sequence, disrupted by one intron, was deduced. High degrees of homology with several plant chitinases, including those expressed during somatic embryogenesis or in seeds, were observed. P184 microsequences match the corresponding sequence deduced from the chitinase PCR‐fragment perfectly. 相似文献
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The contribution of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to growth and phosphorus (P) uptake by oilseed flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) was examined in two field experiments covering soil P levels from 20–86 mg kg-1 NaHCO3-extractable P. The fumigant dazomet was applied to the soil in half of the plots to obtain control plants with reduced mycorrhiza formation. An extensive AMF colonization of up to 48% of the root length was established in untreated soil of both experiments, although P fertilization reduced colonization to 28–39% at the latest harvests. Fumigation markedly decreased or totally prevented AMF colonization throughout the experiments. Root growth responded to fumigation by increased total and specific root length. Shoot P uptake was decreased by fumigation at soil P levels lower than ca. 50 mg kg-1 whereas shoot growth was reduced by fumigation at soil P levels lower than ca. 40 mg kg-1. The effects of fumigation were ascribed to the suppression of mycorrhiza formation. The effect of the AMF increased with decreasing soil P levels. Phosphorus inflow through roots (based on shoot P uptake) was reduced more strongly by fumigation than total P uptake. The P inflow through fungal tissue in roots was estimated to 4 × 10-14 mol P cm-1 s-1. We conclude that AMF are essential to flax growth at soil P levels below ca. 40 mg P kg-1, which is representative of the conditions under which most flax is grown. 相似文献